Wisconsin / AIANNHCE 3085 / Federally-recognized area

Red Cliff

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

87.3%25/3 availability

84.6%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Red Cliff within Wisconsin, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Red Cliff Reservation in Wisconsin is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 22 square miles. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 50 service locations, and current service levels of 87.3% at 25/3 Mbps, and 84.6% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

Tribal lands in Wisconsin are associated with Red Cliff, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.redcliff-nsn.gov

This tribal nation maintains an official website, but descriptive content from that site could not be summarized automatically from this environment.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	1,283	1,256	1,291	1,216	1,201	1,256
Households	470	478	452	464	449	464
Median age	31.5	28.6	29.3	29.4	32.6	34.0
Male / Female	47.2% / 52.8%	49.9% / 50.1%	50.5% / 49.5%	49.7% / 50.3%	49.5% / 50.5%	50.3% / 49.7%
Avg. household size	2.72	2.63	2.86	2.62	2.67	2.71
Pop. density (per sq mi)	58.5	57.2	58.8	55.4	54.7	57.2
HH density (per sq mi)	21.4	21.8	20.6	21.1	20.5	21.1

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$50,313	$40,000	$52,813	$50,214	$47,159	$46,900
Per capita income	$18,035	$15,950	$19,858	$21,406	$21,519	$21,706
Poverty rate	25.7%	34.9%	32.5%	29.7%	32.4%	33.0%
Unemployment rate	13.1%	11.9%	11.0%	12.9%	13.1%	12.5%
HS diploma or higher	55.0%	53.2%	47.6%	53.4%	54.0%	59.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher	12.8%	6.2%	7.0%	10.5%	11.5%	12.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	28.8 Mbps	8.2 Mbps
2019Q2	17.4 Mbps	8.7 Mbps
2019Q3	70.6 Mbps	11.1 Mbps
2019Q4	36.6 Mbps	9.4 Mbps
2020Q1	64.6 Mbps	10.3 Mbps
2020Q2	50.2 Mbps	6.8 Mbps
2020Q3	60.9 Mbps	9.3 Mbps
2020Q4	66.5 Mbps	20.0 Mbps
2021Q1	92.2 Mbps	10.1 Mbps
2021Q2	67.3 Mbps	9.7 Mbps
2021Q3	150.8 Mbps	13.0 Mbps
2021Q4	168.3 Mbps	13.6 Mbps
2022Q1	87.2 Mbps	11.6 Mbps
2022Q2	221.3 Mbps	18.3 Mbps
2022Q3	191.3 Mbps	16.8 Mbps
2022Q4	205.8 Mbps	12.3 Mbps
2023Q1	181.4 Mbps	13.7 Mbps
2023Q2	127.6 Mbps	11.0 Mbps
2023Q3	113.6 Mbps	9.0 Mbps
2023Q4	142.0 Mbps	14.5 Mbps
2024Q1	205.5 Mbps	13.2 Mbps
2024Q2	164.7 Mbps	12.8 Mbps
2024Q3	91.8 Mbps	7.4 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	99.6%	99.6%	16.5%
2022	87.0%	83.5%	0.0%
2023	89.2%	85.5%	0.0%
2024	87.3%	84.6%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	69.1%	64.8%
2018	67.5%	68.3%
2019	65.5%	66.3%
2020	64.4%	66.7%
2021	57.7%	75.6%
2022	69.8%	80.5%
2023	67.9%	70.2%
2024	71.1%	75.2%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	87.3%
100/20 Mbps	84.6%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	87.3%	92%
100/20 Mbps	84.6%	85%
Adoption	71.1%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	50

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Bayfield Wireless	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Connect Holding II LLC	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	96.0%	96.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	0.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	88.9%
Total area (sq mi)	1.896

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	64.0	50.8	50.8	50.8	4.1
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	93.8	88.3	83.4	78.1	78.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.6	92.6	88.9	84.9	78.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	79.7
Any Terrestrial	96.7	92.7	89.0	85.2	79.7
Cable	78.1	78.1	78.1	78.1	78.1
Cable/Fiber	78.1	78.1	78.1	78.1	78.1
Copper	75.6	28.4	7.7	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	63.7	50.0	50.0	50.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	62.8	52.0	52.0	52.0	4.4
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	94.9	88.9	86.0	82.2	82.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.8	92.9	91.2	87.9	82.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	83.5
Any Terrestrial	97.0	93.1	91.4	88.1	83.5
Cable	82.2	82.2	82.2	82.2	82.2
Cable/Fiber	82.2	82.2	82.2	82.2	82.2
Copper	68.6	12.7	5.9	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	62.4	51.4	51.4	51.4	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	56.9	48.2	48.2	48.2	4.2
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	93.6	93.5	86.9	82.6	82.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.5	95.5	90.5	86.6	82.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	84.1
Any Terrestrial	95.5	95.5	90.5	86.6	84.1
Cable	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6
Cable/Fiber	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6
Copper	61.2	60.1	9.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	56.9	48.2	48.2	48.2	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	53.5	47.5	47.5	47.5	3.7
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	95.0	86.7	85.8	82.1	82.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.8	89.5	88.5	85.4	82.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	83.6
Any Terrestrial	95.8	89.5	88.5	85.4	83.6
Cable	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1
Cable/Fiber	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1
Copper	62.4	9.8	5.7	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	99.8	99.8	99.8	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	53.2	47.2	47.2	47.2	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	49.4	47.3	47.3	47.3	3.8
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	92.0	87.2	85.3	82.3	82.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	93.1	89.6	88.2	85.5	83.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	83.8
Any Terrestrial	93.1	89.6	88.2	85.5	83.8
Cable	82.3	82.3	82.3	82.3	82.3
Cable/Fiber	82.3	82.3	82.3	82.3	82.3
Copper	58.3	19.6	7.8	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	49.4	47.3	47.3	47.3	3.8
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	48.2	47.3	47.3	47.3	3.7
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	94.5	92.6	86.4	81.8	81.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.3	94.0	89.4	85.3	83.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	95.3	94.0	89.4	85.3	83.3
Cable	81.8	81.8	81.8	81.8	81.8
Cable/Fiber	81.8	81.8	81.8	81.8	81.8
Copper	63.5	42.4	9.8	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	48.0	47.0	47.0	47.0	3.5
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.