Wisconsin / AIANNHCE 1815 / Federally-recognized area

Lac Courte Oreilles

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

81.8%25/3 availability

72.4%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

11Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Lac Courte Oreilles within Wisconsin, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In Wisconsin, this federally recognized tribe uses Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 107 square miles of land plus roughly 16.0 square miles of water. FCC BDC records show 11 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers serving roughly 10 service locations, with current availability of 81.8% at 25/3 Mbps, 72.4% at 100/20, and 8.3% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

A federally recognized tribe in Wisconsin, Lac Courte Oreilles is organized around tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: lco-nsn.gov

This is the official & sanctioned website of Lac Courte Oreilles. The Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Ojibwe is guided by dedicated leaders who uphold our sovereignty, protect our lands, and ensure the well-being of our people. We will provide for the educational, health, social welfare and economic stability of the present and future generations. Our leadership teams work collaboratively to strengthen our government, support community needs, and preserve the Ojibwe way of life.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	2,668	2,827	3,054	2,868	3,011	3,046
Households	1,233	1,391	1,256	1,243	1,345	1,448
Median age	37.1	35.9	36.5	39.8	40.1	41.0
Male / Female	47.4% / 52.6%	49.5% / 50.5%	47.7% / 52.3%	49.0% / 51.0%	48.1% / 51.9%	48.0% / 52.0%
Avg. household size	2.14	2.02	2.42	2.29	2.22	2.09
Pop. density (per sq mi)	24.9	26.4	28.5	26.8	28.1	28.4
HH density (per sq mi)	11.5	13.0	11.7	11.6	12.6	13.5

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$29,792	$33,590	$35,571	$39,977	$40,346	$43,261
Per capita income	$19,198	$19,251	$23,466	$27,075	$26,464	$29,806
Poverty rate	36.0%	33.2%	33.6%	25.6%	28.6%	22.6%
Unemployment rate	14.2%	13.1%	12.4%	11.9%	7.9%	9.2%
HS diploma or higher	59.5%	58.9%	65.0%	63.7%	64.7%	67.9%
Bachelor's degree or higher	16.6%	15.3%	15.1%	19.2%	20.1%	21.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	33.0 Mbps	6.5 Mbps
2019Q2	20.0 Mbps	4.6 Mbps
2019Q3	64.2 Mbps	9.5 Mbps
2019Q4	37.5 Mbps	8.7 Mbps
2020Q1	68.6 Mbps	9.5 Mbps
2020Q2	70.6 Mbps	12.8 Mbps
2020Q3	72.2 Mbps	11.0 Mbps
2020Q4	67.1 Mbps	10.0 Mbps
2021Q1	96.5 Mbps	12.7 Mbps
2021Q2	109.2 Mbps	12.5 Mbps
2021Q3	99.0 Mbps	14.7 Mbps
2021Q4	163.5 Mbps	13.8 Mbps
2022Q1	126.8 Mbps	11.2 Mbps
2022Q2	141.7 Mbps	10.8 Mbps
2022Q3	124.8 Mbps	10.4 Mbps
2022Q4	183.9 Mbps	10.4 Mbps
2023Q1	131.7 Mbps	9.9 Mbps
2023Q2	177.3 Mbps	10.8 Mbps
2023Q3	150.3 Mbps	11.0 Mbps
2023Q4	160.8 Mbps	10.6 Mbps
2024Q1	219.7 Mbps	14.8 Mbps
2024Q2	120.8 Mbps	11.2 Mbps
2024Q3	144.9 Mbps	11.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	85.1%	81.5%	10.7%
2022	78.0%	68.4%	6.6%
2023	79.5%	69.3%	6.4%
2024	81.8%	72.4%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	44.7%	27.5%
2018	44.7%	30.1%
2019	48.7%	40.1%
2020	51.6%	49.9%
2021	50.7%	48.7%
2022	54.5%	63.1%
2023	63.6%	73.9%
2024	65.4%	72.6%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	81.8%
100/20 Mbps	72.4%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	81.8%	92%
100/20 Mbps	72.4%	85%
Adoption	65.4%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	11
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	10

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Rural Communications Holding Corporation	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	Northeast Communications of Wisconsin, Inc.
Charter Communications	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
EchoStar Corporation	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Siren Telephone Company, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Connect Holding II LLC	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	40.0%
Fiber	40.0%	40.0%	40.0%	40.0%
Cable	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	30.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	78.6%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	75.0%
Total area (sq mi)	2.949

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	63.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	91.0	86.1	77.9	70.8	70.8	7.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.4	86.1	77.9	70.8	70.8	7.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	70.8	70.8	7.3
Any Terrestrial	96.4	86.1	77.9	70.8	70.8	7.3
Cable	63.2	63.2	63.2	63.2	63.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	70.8	70.8	70.8	70.8	70.8	7.3
Copper	54.4	27.9	11.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	63.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	53.5	0.7	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	90.3	85.0	76.9	69.8	69.8	6.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	91.8	85.1	76.9	69.8	69.8	6.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	69.8	6.8
Any Terrestrial	91.8	85.1	76.9	69.8	69.8	6.8
Cable	63.0	63.0	63.0	63.0	63.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	69.8	69.8	69.8	69.8	69.8	6.8
Copper	55.1	27.9	11.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	53.5	0.7	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	45.7	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	91.2	85.5	77.1	69.3	69.3	6.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.1	85.5	77.1	69.3	69.3	6.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	69.3	6.1
Any Terrestrial	92.1	85.5	77.1	69.3	69.3	6.1
Cable	63.3	63.3	63.3	63.3	63.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	69.3	69.3	69.3	69.3	69.3	6.1
Copper	56.4	28.2	11.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	45.7	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	25.9	0.9	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	89.7	83.8	75.9	68.5	68.5	5.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	90.0	84.0	76.0	68.5	68.5	5.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	68.5	5.7
Any Terrestrial	90.0	84.0	76.0	68.5	68.5	5.7
Cable	62.9	62.9	62.9	62.9	62.9	0.0
Cable/Fiber	68.5	68.5	68.5	68.5	68.5	5.7
Copper	57.3	27.1	11.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	25.9	0.9	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	15.3	6.7	6.7	1.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	89.6	83.2	76.4	70.2	70.2	7.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	90.1	83.9	78.5	72.0	70.2	7.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	70.2	7.9
Any Terrestrial	90.1	83.9	78.5	72.0	70.2	7.9
Cable	62.4	62.4	62.4	62.4	62.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	70.2	70.2	70.2	70.2	70.2	7.9
Copper	56.0	25.2	10.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	7.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.3	6.7	6.7	1.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	18.4	9.5	9.5	1.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	89.0	82.6	75.7	69.6	69.6	8.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.6	84.0	78.3	71.5	69.6	8.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	8.1
Any Terrestrial	89.6	84.0	78.3	71.5	69.6	8.1
Cable	61.6	61.6	61.6	61.6	61.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.6	8.1
Copper	55.4	25.1	10.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	18.4	9.5	9.5	1.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.