Washington / AIANNHCE 3780 / Federally-recognized area
Shoalwater Bay
The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.
100.0%25/3 availability
100.0%100/20 availability
0.0%1000/100 availability
5Fixed providers
Figure 1. Location of Shoalwater Bay within Washington, with boundary detail (inset).
About the Tribal Area
Spans about 1.0 square miles in Washington, Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 5 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 5 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, and 100.0% at 100/20.
Tribal Area Description
Located in Washington, Shoalwater Bay is a federally recognized tribe with reservation lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.
This tribal nation maintains an official website, but descriptive content from that site could not be summarized automatically from this environment.
Table 1. Demographics
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Population
90
89
97
94
137
160
Households
39
42
33
32
44
57
Median age
38.5
38.8
37.2
34.0
31.4
31.9
Male / Female
58.9% / 41.1%
69.7% / 30.3%
70.1% / 29.9%
68.1% / 31.9%
68.6% / 31.4%
65.6% / 34.4%
Avg. household size
2.31
2.12
2.94
2.94
3.11
2.81
Pop. density (per sq mi)
86.0
85.0
92.7
89.8
130.9
152.8
HH density (per sq mi)
37.3
40.1
31.5
30.6
42.0
54.4
Table 2. Economic & Education
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Median household income
$55,625
$48,750
$59,375
—
$66,563
$68,365
Per capita income
$22,568
$25,143
$23,516
$26,314
$28,398
$33,176
Poverty rate
15.6%
16.9%
8.2%
10.6%
10.2%
7.5%
Unemployment rate
4.1%
5.6%
4.1%
2.2%
5.3%
6.7%
HS diploma or higher
41.7%
49.2%
43.1%
41.8%
42.9%
39.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher
6.7%
4.9%
1.7%
3.6%
7.1%
4.4%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.
Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)
Period
Download
Upload
2019Q1
59.7 Mbps
12.2 Mbps
2019Q2
197.3 Mbps
8.5 Mbps
2019Q3
70.3 Mbps
6.2 Mbps
2019Q4
205.0 Mbps
9.8 Mbps
2020Q1
37.4 Mbps
5.6 Mbps
2020Q2
55.2 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
2020Q3
73.3 Mbps
6.8 Mbps
2020Q4
200.7 Mbps
6.0 Mbps
2021Q1
0.0 Mbps
0.0 Mbps
2021Q2
72.9 Mbps
5.3 Mbps
2021Q3
116.7 Mbps
16.3 Mbps
2021Q4
89.0 Mbps
8.1 Mbps
2022Q1
74.8 Mbps
14.4 Mbps
2022Q2
113.1 Mbps
8.7 Mbps
2022Q3
126.1 Mbps
7.4 Mbps
2022Q4
184.5 Mbps
11.0 Mbps
2023Q1
281.4 Mbps
39.7 Mbps
2023Q2
287.1 Mbps
37.2 Mbps
2023Q3
141.7 Mbps
22.9 Mbps
2023Q4
165.0 Mbps
24.8 Mbps
2024Q1
55.4 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
2024Q2
332.7 Mbps
28.5 Mbps
2024Q3
379.7 Mbps
37.6 Mbps
Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)
Year
25/3
100/20
1 Gbps
2015
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2016
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2017
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2018
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2019
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2020
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2021
67.1%
67.1%
0.0%
2022
95.5%
95.5%
0.0%
2023
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
2024
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Table 5. Adoption (%)
Year
All households
Low-income households
2017
61.5%
35.7%
2018
64.9%
50.0%
2019
53.8%
42.9%
2020
57.1%
50.0%
2021
66.7%
66.7%
2022
59.4%
40.0%
2023
68.2%
40.0%
2024
68.4%
16.7%
Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)
Tier
Coverage
25/3 Mbps
100.0%
100/20 Mbps
100.0%
1 Gbps
0.0%
Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)
Metric
Tribal
National
25/3 Mbps
100.0%
92%
100/20 Mbps
100.0%
85%
Adoption
68.4%
78%
Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.
Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)
Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)
Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)
Figure 5. Current Status (2024)
Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages
Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)
Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage
Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.
Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary
Metric
Value
Fixed broadband providers
5
Mobile broadband providers
4
Broadband serviceable locations
5
Table 9. Broadband Providers
Fixed
Mobile
Comcast Corporation
AT&T Inc.
EchoStar Corporation
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
Viasat, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
—
Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)
Technology
25/3
100/20
250/25
1 Gbps
Any Technology
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Fiber
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Cable
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Fixed Wireless
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Copper (DSL)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Satellite
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)
Technology
Coverage
4G LTE
53.8%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)
46.2%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)
15.4%
Total area (sq mi)
1.369
Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)
Dec. 2022
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
78.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.7
95.7
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
0.0
Cable
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
0.0
Cable/Fiber
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
95.7
0.0
Copper
47.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
78.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Copper
52.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Copper
48.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2025
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Copper
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.
Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.