Washington / AIANNHCE 2375 / Federally-recognized area

Muckleshoot

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

99.4%25/3 availability

96.8%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

10Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Muckleshoot within Washington, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in Washington, centered on Muckleshoot Reservation, spans about 5.8 square miles. FCC BDC records show 10 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 9 service locations, with current availability of 99.4% at 25/3 Mbps, 96.8% at 100/20, and 58.1% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In Washington, Muckleshoot has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.muckleshoot.nsn.us

Official Tribal government website for the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, descendants of the Duwamish and Upper Puyallup Tribes. Ten dedicated students have successfully completed the inaugural term of a newly Entrepreneurship Certificate program at the Muckleshoot Tribal College, marking a significant step toward Tribal career advancement and local entrepreneurship. Muckleshoot Tribal College acknowledges the graduation of CNA and Early Childhood Education students from the winter cohorts. Like Muckleshoot Tribal members today, they lived in Seattle and communities between the Cascade Mountains and Salish Seas. C., with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs to advocate on behalf of the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe. Our Duwamish ancestors were this land’s first caretakers. Our commitment to protecting our people and communities brought us through the Tribe’s darkest times and continues to guide us today as we move into a new era of prosperity and empowerment.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	4,579	4,545	4,394	4,362	3,959	3,985
Households	1,569	1,578	1,479	1,493	1,358	1,279
Median age	32.9	34.1	34.6	34.4	35.7	34.6
Male / Female	49.1% / 50.9%	48.3% / 51.7%	48.7% / 51.3%	48.5% / 51.5%	48.6% / 51.4%	50.6% / 49.4%
Avg. household size	2.89	2.85	2.95	2.89	2.85	3.06
Pop. density (per sq mi)	784.1	778.3	752.4	746.9	677.9	682.4
HH density (per sq mi)	268.7	270.2	253.3	255.7	232.5	219.0

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$52,068	$50,116	$53,417	$58,254	$64,500	$69,025
Per capita income	$23,220	$22,824	$24,137	$26,599	$29,515	$29,089
Poverty rate	18.8%	23.8%	21.4%	18.8%	16.3%	14.9%
Unemployment rate	9.5%	10.0%	8.9%	6.9%	7.7%	7.1%
HS diploma or higher	58.1%	62.0%	60.5%	59.7%	59.1%	60.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher	13.6%	15.7%	17.0%	15.8%	17.0%	16.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	102.9 Mbps	7.4 Mbps
2019Q2	129.4 Mbps	7.2 Mbps
2019Q3	117.7 Mbps	10.1 Mbps
2019Q4	153.6 Mbps	10.9 Mbps
2020Q1	129.9 Mbps	11.6 Mbps
2020Q2	102.2 Mbps	11.2 Mbps
2020Q3	147.8 Mbps	12.0 Mbps
2020Q4	162.6 Mbps	11.1 Mbps
2021Q1	100.0 Mbps	9.3 Mbps
2021Q2	195.1 Mbps	16.2 Mbps
2021Q3	195.4 Mbps	15.3 Mbps
2021Q4	284.0 Mbps	17.2 Mbps
2022Q1	224.8 Mbps	40.5 Mbps
2022Q2	246.1 Mbps	33.7 Mbps
2022Q3	192.2 Mbps	29.2 Mbps
2022Q4	291.0 Mbps	36.2 Mbps
2023Q1	258.7 Mbps	38.6 Mbps
2023Q2	264.4 Mbps	35.2 Mbps
2023Q3	318.1 Mbps	60.8 Mbps
2023Q4	232.2 Mbps	72.5 Mbps
2024Q1	246.0 Mbps	70.9 Mbps
2024Q2	264.9 Mbps	59.3 Mbps
2024Q3	241.1 Mbps	100.7 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	100.0%	74.7%	1.0%
2016	100.0%	79.0%	0.0%
2017	94.0%	65.6%	0.0%
2018	94.0%	67.0%	15.8%
2019	94.0%	51.2%	0.0%
2020	99.5%	65.4%	5.5%
2021	99.9%	93.8%	15.1%
2022	99.2%	93.0%	38.2%
2023	99.4%	96.8%	57.7%
2024	99.4%	96.8%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	62.9%	55.1%
2018	65.0%	50.9%
2019	68.1%	58.0%
2020	74.7%	68.7%
2021	74.8%	67.7%
2022	75.8%	63.4%
2023	76.4%	69.2%
2024	78.6%	72.2%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	99.4%
100/20 Mbps	96.8%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	99.4%	92%
100/20 Mbps	96.8%	85%
Adoption	78.6%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	10
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	9

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Comcast Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Dish Network Corporation
EchoStar Corporation	—
Zayo Group, LLC	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Cyberdyne Networks, Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	55.6%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	55.6%
Fixed Wireless	55.6%	22.2%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	22.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.421

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.5	55.4	55.4	6.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	96.6	96.3	95.5	93.0	92.9	33.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.4	99.2	94.0	92.9	33.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	94.0	92.9	33.0
Any Terrestrial	99.8	99.4	99.2	94.0	92.9	33.0
Cable	92.9	92.9	92.9	92.9	92.9	33.0
Cable/Fiber	92.9	92.9	92.9	92.9	92.9	33.0
Copper	54.2	50.1	42.8	10.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.7	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	80.5	55.4	55.4	6.7	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	45.3	44.5	44.5	27.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.0	98.9	98.3	96.9	96.8	53.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.7	99.7	99.5	97.4	96.8	53.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.8	53.5
Any Terrestrial	99.7	99.7	99.5	97.4	96.8	53.5
Cable	96.8	96.8	96.8	96.8	96.8	53.5
Cable/Fiber	96.8	96.8	96.8	96.8	96.8	53.5
Copper	65.4	61.4	54.5	13.4	0.0	0.0
Fiber	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.7	3.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	45.3	44.5	44.5	27.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	59.3	58.5	58.5	24.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.1	98.9	98.4	97.2	97.1	60.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.7	99.6	99.6	97.7	97.1	60.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	97.1	60.8
Any Terrestrial	99.7	99.6	99.6	97.7	97.1	60.8
Cable	97.1	97.1	97.1	97.1	97.1	58.6
Cable/Fiber	97.1	97.1	97.1	97.1	97.1	60.8
Copper	60.8	57.6	53.5	10.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	18.7	18.7	18.7	18.7	18.7	11.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	59.3	58.5	58.5	24.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	41.5	39.1	39.1	23.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.3	99.2	98.7	97.7	97.6	59.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.8	99.7	98.2	97.6	59.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	97.6	59.3
Any Terrestrial	99.8	99.8	99.7	98.2	97.6	59.3
Cable	97.6	97.6	97.6	97.6	97.6	56.9
Cable/Fiber	97.6	97.6	97.6	97.6	97.6	59.3
Copper	59.8	56.7	52.4	9.9	0.0	0.0
Fiber	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	12.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	41.5	39.1	39.1	23.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	31.7	30.0	30.0	12.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	97.1	97.0	96.9	95.9	95.8	58.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.6	99.6	99.5	97.4	95.8	58.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	95.8	58.0
Any Terrestrial	99.6	99.6	99.5	97.4	95.8	58.0
Cable	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	55.7
Cable/Fiber	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8	58.0
Copper	30.6	30.3	30.0	7.6	0.0	0.0
Fiber	25.8	25.8	25.8	25.8	25.8	25.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	31.7	30.0	30.0	12.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	45.3	38.5	38.5	22.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	95.8	95.8	95.7	94.8	94.7	58.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.4	99.3	99.3	96.3	94.7	58.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	58.7
Any Terrestrial	99.4	99.3	99.3	96.3	94.7	58.7
Cable	94.7	94.7	94.7	94.7	94.7	56.6
Cable/Fiber	94.7	94.7	94.7	94.7	94.7	58.7
Copper	27.4	27.1	26.9	6.9	0.0	0.0
Fiber	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	24.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	45.3	38.5	38.5	22.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.