Washington / AIANNHCE 2085 / Federally-recognized area

Makah

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

24.7%25/3 availability

0.2%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

7Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Makah within Washington, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in Washington, centered on Makah Indian Reservation, spans about 47 square miles. FCC BDC records show 7 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 706 service locations, with current availability of 24.7% at 25/3 Mbps, and 0.2% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

In Washington, Makah has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. A coastal tribe in Washington, whaling traditions and marine culture.

Website Summary: makah.com

The Makah and their extended families would share these structures and it was common to have several generations living in each one. Makah Tribe history tells the story of ancient times when the Makah People lived in a world that revolved around the sea and land. Makah Tribe history tells us Makah life revolved around the sea and land. Makah tribe history tells us about the Makah’s keen understanding of their environment and a great respect for the plants and animals which sustained them through the cold, dark and stormy coastal winters. Their continued resistance against completely conforming to Euro-American standard is evident today in the Makah peoples’ continuance of their ancient culture. In the early 1800 s these villages were home to between two thousand and four thousand Makah. These summer camps were closer to the traditional fishing, whaling and gathering areas of the Makah.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	1,541	1,612	1,519	1,524	1,519	1,514
Households	471	528	504	477	514	493
Median age	28.4	32.6	30.4	29.8	33.4	33.2
Male / Female	51.0% / 49.0%	49.8% / 50.2%	47.8% / 52.2%	47.4% / 52.6%	47.3% / 52.7%	45.8% / 54.2%
Avg. household size	3.25	3.03	2.99	3.17	2.93	3.05
Pop. density (per sq mi)	32.9	34.5	32.5	32.6	32.5	32.4
HH density (per sq mi)	10.1	11.3	10.8	10.2	11.0	10.5

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$43,393	$47,700	$47,167	$63,472	$60,227	$55,250
Per capita income	$17,322	$20,138	$21,371	$25,429	$26,725	$26,083
Poverty rate	24.6%	22.7%	20.6%	14.4%	15.5%	18.5%
Unemployment rate	21.5%	16.4%	15.1%	10.6%	10.1%	9.3%
HS diploma or higher	45.7%	50.5%	52.7%	57.1%	59.8%	60.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher	9.9%	14.1%	13.1%	17.6%	19.2%	19.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	3.4 Mbps	0.5 Mbps
2019Q2	5.8 Mbps	1.0 Mbps
2019Q3	2.8 Mbps	0.7 Mbps
2019Q4	3.1 Mbps	0.4 Mbps
2020Q1	6.0 Mbps	0.6 Mbps
2020Q2	6.6 Mbps	0.7 Mbps
2020Q3	6.3 Mbps	1.1 Mbps
2020Q4	51.5 Mbps	8.0 Mbps
2021Q1	46.9 Mbps	11.5 Mbps
2021Q2	73.5 Mbps	10.3 Mbps
2021Q3	47.8 Mbps	12.8 Mbps
2021Q4	51.1 Mbps	8.0 Mbps
2022Q1	49.0 Mbps	8.4 Mbps
2022Q2	47.1 Mbps	9.3 Mbps
2022Q3	68.3 Mbps	11.7 Mbps
2022Q4	74.8 Mbps	12.6 Mbps
2023Q1	72.0 Mbps	9.1 Mbps
2023Q2	69.1 Mbps	8.8 Mbps
2023Q3	65.4 Mbps	11.5 Mbps
2023Q4	25.1 Mbps	1.7 Mbps
2024Q1	77.3 Mbps	8.8 Mbps
2024Q2	85.7 Mbps	15.1 Mbps
2024Q3	36.3 Mbps	6.1 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	30.6%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	25.4%	0.4%	0.0%
2022	2.2%	0.0%	0.0%
2023	8.2%	0.0%	0.0%
2024	24.7%	0.2%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	39.4%	38.3%
2018	39.1%	44.8%
2019	42.0%	51.5%
2020	44.3%	55.5%
2021	46.4%	62.0%
2022	53.5%	57.0%
2023	55.8%	54.6%
2024	51.7%	62.8%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	24.7%
100/20 Mbps	0.2%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	24.7%	92%
100/20 Mbps	0.2%	85%
Adoption	51.7%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	7
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	706

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	10.3%	2.4%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	8.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	92.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	66.2%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	51.7%
Total area (sq mi)	141.988

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3
All Fixed Wireless	94.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	37.6	30.0	2.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.3	30.0	2.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	97.3	30.0	2.3
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	37.6	30.0	2.3
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	99.7	99.7	99.7
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	40.0	32.1	7.4	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	40.1	32.1	7.4	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	40.1	32.1	7.4	0.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	40.0	32.1	7.4	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	40.4	31.8	8.4	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	40.4	31.8	8.6	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	40.4	31.8	8.6	0.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	40.4	31.8	8.4	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	2.3	1.9	1.9	0.1
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	44.5	34.0	8.1	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	44.7	34.3	10.0	0.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	44.7	34.3	10.0	0.1
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	44.5	34.0	8.1	0.0
Fiber	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.3	1.9	1.9	0.1
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	15.2	4.9	4.9	0.1
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	44.4	34.1	8.5	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	45.7	34.5	13.1	0.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	45.7	34.5	13.1	0.1
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	44.4	34.1	8.5	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.2	4.9	4.9	0.1
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	17.9	10.3	10.3	2.4	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	43.9	34.0	8.6	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	45.8	36.0	16.7	2.4	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	45.8	36.0	16.7	2.4	0.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	43.9	34.0	8.6	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	17.9	10.3	10.3	2.4	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.