Texas / AIANNHCE 0050 / Federally-recognized area

Alabama-Coushatta

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

32.3%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Alabama-Coushatta within Texas, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In Texas, this federally recognized tribe uses Alabama-Coushatta Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 7.1 square miles. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers serving roughly 50 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 32.3% at 100/20, and 32.0% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

A federally recognized tribe in Texas, Alabama-Coushatta is organized around tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.alabama-coushatta.com

The Home page for Alabama-Coushatta functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe. The page includes sections on Payments.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	680	804	750	681	790	630
Households	200	187	177	182	196	173
Median age	24.4	21.5	23.7	25.6	22.4	23.8
Male / Female	43.5% / 56.5%	46.8% / 53.2%	47.9% / 52.1%	49.5% / 50.5%	51.4% / 48.6%	46.8% / 53.2%
Avg. household size	3.40	4.30	4.24	3.74	4.03	3.64
Pop. density (per sq mi)	47.9	56.7	52.9	48.0	55.7	44.4
HH density (per sq mi)	14.1	13.2	12.5	12.8	13.8	12.2

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$47,500	$49,219	$49,583	$53,125	$52,500	$49,375
Per capita income	$20,172	$18,034	$16,832	$19,694	$16,765	$18,922
Poverty rate	21.0%	17.2%	22.3%	16.7%	30.5%	22.5%
Unemployment rate	10.2%	6.9%	8.2%	6.8%	6.2%	7.4%
HS diploma or higher	55.8%	53.9%	56.5%	56.9%	54.5%	56.4%
Bachelor's degree or higher	11.3%	11.4%	9.3%	8.8%	10.1%	11.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	0.7 Mbps	0.4 Mbps
2019Q2	8.5 Mbps	15.5 Mbps
2019Q3	27.8 Mbps	40.4 Mbps
2019Q4	36.6 Mbps	101.9 Mbps
2020Q1	36.9 Mbps	189.6 Mbps
2020Q2	10.1 Mbps	1.4 Mbps
2020Q3	15.6 Mbps	1.8 Mbps
2020Q4	22.1 Mbps	57.9 Mbps
2021Q1	27.2 Mbps	50.7 Mbps
2021Q2	28.3 Mbps	32.2 Mbps
2021Q3	21.4 Mbps	9.8 Mbps
2021Q4	64.5 Mbps	47.9 Mbps
2022Q1	36.6 Mbps	25.3 Mbps
2022Q2	59.2 Mbps	52.5 Mbps
2022Q3	11.8 Mbps	1.8 Mbps
2022Q4	59.0 Mbps	43.8 Mbps
2023Q1	195.1 Mbps	198.5 Mbps
2023Q2	164.7 Mbps	178.5 Mbps
2023Q3	181.4 Mbps	227.8 Mbps
2023Q4	146.2 Mbps	185.7 Mbps
2024Q1	220.3 Mbps	300.1 Mbps
2024Q2	231.8 Mbps	259.9 Mbps
2024Q3	127.6 Mbps	158.4 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	92.5%	68.5%	68.5%
2022	53.7%	25.5%	25.1%
2023	54.0%	27.6%	27.6%
2024	100.0%	32.3%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	19.1%	9.5%
2018	18.4%	12.5%
2019	22.0%	32.5%
2020	29.4%	50.0%
2021	39.0%	66.7%
2022	46.2%	66.7%
2023	49.5%	67.9%
2024	46.8%	79.2%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	32.3%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	32.3%	85%
Adoption	46.8%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	50

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Eastex Telephone Cooperative, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
AT&T Inc.	—
Consolidated Communications, Inc.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Fiber	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	6.0%	6.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	99.3%
Total area (sq mi)	15.8

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	35.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	98.8	98.0	51.4	24.7	24.7	24.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.6	98.0	51.4	24.7	24.7	24.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	24.7	24.7	24.5
Any Terrestrial	99.6	98.0	51.4	24.7	24.7	24.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5
Copper	74.3	73.5	26.9	0.2	0.2	0.0
Fiber	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	35.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	2.0	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	98.6	97.8	52.4	26.5	26.5	26.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.6	97.8	52.4	26.5	26.5	26.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	26.5	26.5
Any Terrestrial	98.6	97.8	52.4	26.5	26.5	26.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5
Copper	72.1	71.3	25.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5	26.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.0	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	1.5	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.1	98.5	58.8	36.5	36.5	36.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.1	98.5	58.8	36.5	36.5	36.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	36.5	36.5
Any Terrestrial	99.1	98.5	58.8	36.5	36.5	36.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.5
Copper	62.6	62.0	22.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	1.5	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	7.9	6.6	6.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.1	98.5	59.9	35.2	35.2	35.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.1	98.5	59.9	35.2	35.2	35.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	35.2	35.2
Any Terrestrial	99.1	98.5	59.9	35.2	35.2	35.2
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	35.2	35.2	35.2	35.2	35.2	35.2
Copper	63.9	63.3	24.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	35.2	35.2	35.2	35.2	35.2	35.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	7.9	6.6	6.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	4.2	2.5	2.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.1	98.5	65.3	40.8	40.8	40.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.4	98.8	65.9	41.2	40.8	40.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	40.8	40.8
Any Terrestrial	99.4	98.8	65.9	41.2	40.8	40.8
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8
Copper	58.3	57.7	24.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	4.2	2.5	2.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	4.0	1.3	1.3	0.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	4.0	1.3	1.3	0.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.