Oregon / AIANNHCE 4545 / Federally-recognized area
Warm Springs
The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.
100.0%25/3 availability
21.6%100/20 availability
0.0%1000/100 availability
8Fixed providers
Figure 1. Location of Warm Springs within Oregon, with boundary detail (inset).
About the Tribal Area
Spans about 1010 square miles of land plus roughly 4.1 square miles of water in Oregon, Warm Springs Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 1,136 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, and 21.6% at 100/20.
Tribal Area Description
Located in Oregon, Warm Springs is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.
The Wascoes The Wasco bands on the Columbia River were the eastern-most group of Chinookan-speaking Indians. Although they were principally fishermen, their frequent contact with other Indians throughout the region provided for abundant trade. Roots and beads were available from other Chinookan bands such as the Clackamas.
Table 1. Demographics
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Population
4,188
3,631
3,438
3,229
3,080
2,955
Households
1,006
1,030
908
859
826
866
Median age
28.2
29.5
29.9
31.2
31.2
34.1
Male / Female
53.1% / 46.9%
52.7% / 47.3%
55.2% / 44.8%
52.8% / 47.2%
54.0% / 46.0%
57.3% / 42.7%
Avg. household size
4.10
3.47
3.72
3.69
3.65
3.33
Pop. density (per sq mi)
4.1
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
HH density (per sq mi)
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.9
Table 2. Economic & Education
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Median household income
$46,711
$35,333
$49,000
$59,934
$58,906
$57,000
Per capita income
$14,489
$15,732
$18,670
$21,814
$23,757
$24,445
Poverty rate
32.3%
33.7%
31.9%
26.0%
23.8%
25.7%
Unemployment rate
22.6%
19.0%
13.5%
13.1%
13.2%
15.5%
HS diploma or higher
51.3%
53.7%
53.9%
57.1%
53.1%
54.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher
9.1%
13.9%
12.4%
13.7%
14.2%
15.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.
Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)
Period
Download
Upload
2019Q1
11.3 Mbps
5.4 Mbps
2019Q2
7.4 Mbps
3.6 Mbps
2019Q3
9.3 Mbps
6.3 Mbps
2019Q4
14.7 Mbps
3.4 Mbps
2020Q1
10.2 Mbps
28.0 Mbps
2020Q2
11.3 Mbps
6.4 Mbps
2020Q3
11.1 Mbps
11.8 Mbps
2020Q4
8.5 Mbps
7.3 Mbps
2021Q1
6.4 Mbps
7.5 Mbps
2021Q2
11.4 Mbps
11.8 Mbps
2021Q3
12.4 Mbps
10.9 Mbps
2021Q4
13.0 Mbps
10.2 Mbps
2022Q1
31.6 Mbps
10.2 Mbps
2022Q2
49.8 Mbps
17.9 Mbps
2022Q3
68.4 Mbps
22.9 Mbps
2022Q4
40.3 Mbps
7.9 Mbps
2023Q1
27.9 Mbps
6.2 Mbps
2023Q2
29.1 Mbps
6.0 Mbps
2023Q3
31.9 Mbps
15.1 Mbps
2023Q4
40.5 Mbps
9.1 Mbps
2024Q1
44.1 Mbps
9.7 Mbps
2024Q2
70.9 Mbps
17.3 Mbps
2024Q3
54.8 Mbps
17.6 Mbps
Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)
Year
25/3
100/20
1 Gbps
2015
8.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2016
8.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2017
8.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2018
63.2%
0.1%
0.0%
2019
82.5%
0.1%
0.0%
2020
90.2%
82.5%
0.0%
2021
77.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2022
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2023
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
2024
100.0%
21.6%
0.0%
Table 5. Adoption (%)
Year
All households
Low-income households
2017
31.4%
23.7%
2018
30.0%
25.1%
2019
30.9%
34.0%
2020
32.2%
47.9%
2021
30.1%
56.9%
2022
28.9%
67.9%
2023
30.4%
83.6%
2024
24.9%
76.7%
Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)
Tier
Coverage
25/3 Mbps
100.0%
100/20 Mbps
21.6%
1 Gbps
0.0%
Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)
Metric
Tribal
National
25/3 Mbps
100.0%
92%
100/20 Mbps
21.6%
85%
Adoption
24.9%
78%
Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.
Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)
Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)
Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)
Figure 5. Current Status (2024)
Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages
Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)
Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage
Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.
Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary
Metric
Value
Fixed broadband providers
8
Mobile broadband providers
4
Broadband serviceable locations
1,136
Table 9. Broadband Providers
Fixed
Mobile
Lumen Technologies, Inc.
AT&T Inc.
EchoStar Corporation
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
Blue Mountain Networks LLC
—
Warm Springs Telecommunications Company
—
Viasat, Inc.
—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
—
Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)
Technology
25/3
100/20
250/25
1 Gbps
Any Technology
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Fiber
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Cable
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Fixed Wireless
100.0%
21.3%
0.0%
0.0%
Copper (DSL)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Satellite
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)
Technology
Coverage
4G LTE
83.7%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)
59.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)
40.3%
Total area (sq mi)
23.278
Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)
Dec. 2022
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
100.0
35.3
18.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
9.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
58.2
35.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
36.0
18.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
9.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
48.3
34.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
19.7
18.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
100.0
34.2
18.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
26.4
16.3
15.4
15.4
15.4
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
45.1
34.9
15.4
15.4
15.4
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.4
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
35.0
34.1
15.4
15.4
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
0.0
Copper
11.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
34.1
34.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
18.8
18.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
99.9
60.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
20.3
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
63.7
61.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
99.9
61.5
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
20.3
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
60.9
60.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
99.9
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
99.9
59.7
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
20.3
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
62.7
60.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
99.9
60.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
20.3
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
59.5
59.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
99.9
1.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
99.9
99.9
99.9
21.3
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
20.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
99.9
99.9
99.9
21.3
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
99.9
99.9
99.9
21.3
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
20.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
99.9
99.9
99.9
21.3
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
13.4
1.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2025
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.3
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired
20.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
68.1
67.3
54.6
21.3
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.3
0.0
0.0
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Copper
20.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
67.0
67.0
54.6
21.3
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.
Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.