Oregon / AIANNHCE 4405 / Federally-recognized area

Umatilla

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

74.8%25/3 availability

65.6%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

11Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Umatilla within Oregon, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in Oregon, centered on Umatilla Reservation, spans about 271 square miles. FCC BDC records show 11 fixed providers and 5 mobile providers across roughly 5 service locations, with current availability of 74.8% at 25/3 Mbps, 65.6% at 100/20, and 63.1% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In Oregon, Umatilla has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: ctuir.org

The Home page for Umatilla functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe. The page includes sections on Employment, Contracting Opportunities, Home (current), About (current), and News (current).

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	2,836	2,818	3,072	2,997	2,921	2,840
Households	1,033	986	981	974	1,010	1,033
Median age	44.5	39.9	37.6	35.7	36.8	39.5
Male / Female	40.9% / 59.1%	44.2% / 55.8%	46.4% / 53.6%	45.9% / 54.1%	46.4% / 53.6%	49.2% / 50.8%
Avg. household size	2.70	2.82	3.09	3.03	2.86	2.72
Pop. density (per sq mi)	10.5	10.4	11.3	11.1	10.8	10.5
HH density (per sq mi)	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.8

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$57,102	$53,333	$64,375	$69,167	$75,833	$73,750
Per capita income	$26,778	$27,403	$28,372	$30,338	$33,359	$35,338
Poverty rate	16.6%	16.5%	19.1%	19.7%	17.3%	17.3%
Unemployment rate	6.9%	8.1%	8.7%	8.0%	5.6%	6.4%
HS diploma or higher	58.4%	60.0%	60.2%	60.0%	62.6%	62.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	15.3%	16.6%	15.4%	16.5%	18.7%	18.8%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	75.4 Mbps	43.3 Mbps
2019Q2	52.2 Mbps	17.9 Mbps
2019Q3	72.4 Mbps	37.4 Mbps
2019Q4	39.0 Mbps	15.9 Mbps
2020Q1	55.4 Mbps	23.3 Mbps
2020Q2	48.9 Mbps	23.1 Mbps
2020Q3	72.5 Mbps	28.3 Mbps
2020Q4	59.8 Mbps	29.7 Mbps
2021Q1	47.0 Mbps	18.1 Mbps
2021Q2	44.0 Mbps	10.6 Mbps
2021Q3	80.6 Mbps	23.5 Mbps
2021Q4	103.4 Mbps	34.5 Mbps
2022Q1	108.9 Mbps	39.3 Mbps
2022Q2	105.9 Mbps	42.0 Mbps
2022Q3	75.3 Mbps	28.6 Mbps
2022Q4	156.7 Mbps	51.8 Mbps
2023Q1	134.4 Mbps	33.5 Mbps
2023Q2	120.0 Mbps	21.6 Mbps
2023Q3	176.3 Mbps	63.1 Mbps
2023Q4	141.9 Mbps	54.5 Mbps
2024Q1	142.7 Mbps	56.9 Mbps
2024Q2	113.1 Mbps	42.7 Mbps
2024Q3	138.2 Mbps	42.4 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	70.4%	13.1%	0.0%
2016	70.4%	2.7%	0.0%
2017	70.3%	4.3%	0.0%
2018	70.3%	67.7%	0.0%
2019	92.3%	67.5%	0.0%
2020	95.5%	67.3%	67.3%
2021	96.7%	70.9%	62.5%
2022	77.6%	76.3%	76.3%
2023	76.8%	75.8%	75.8%
2024	74.8%	65.6%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	47.4%	40.6%
2018	44.5%	46.5%
2019	48.5%	51.1%
2020	53.5%	50.3%
2021	54.1%	52.8%
2022	55.5%	50.0%
2023	58.5%	50.4%
2024	58.8%	52.4%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	74.8%
100/20 Mbps	65.6%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	74.8%	92%
100/20 Mbps	65.6%	85%
Adoption	58.8%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	11
Mobile broadband providers	5
Broadband serviceable locations	5

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Charter Communications	Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Inland Cellular Telephone Company
Oregon Telephone Corporation	—
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Wtechlink, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	49.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	30.6%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	27.0%
Total area (sq mi)	63.937

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	95.7	93.9	92.7	92.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	2.8	0.0	0.0
All Wired	80.8	80.0	79.9	79.7	79.7	79.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	91.3	84.8	80.6	79.7	79.7	79.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	92.6	79.7	79.7
Any Terrestrial	95.7	94.0	92.8	92.0	79.7	79.7
Cable	55.6	55.6	55.6	55.6	55.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	79.7	79.7	79.7	79.7	79.7	79.7
Copper	36.9	11.0	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	79.7	79.7	79.7	79.7	79.7	79.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	77.1	52.3	4.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	2.8	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	92.0	92.0	92.0	92.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	93.4	92.2	89.6	88.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	81.5	81.4	81.3	81.2	81.2	81.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.0	86.8	82.2	81.2	81.2	81.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	81.2	81.2
Any Terrestrial	93.5	92.2	89.8	88.9	81.2	81.2
Cable	55.8	55.8	55.8	55.8	55.8	0.0
Cable/Fiber	81.2	81.2	81.2	81.2	81.2	81.2
Copper	38.0	12.5	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	81.2	81.2	81.2	81.2	81.2	81.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	77.6	70.1	8.6	0.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	88.8	88.8	88.8	88.8	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	93.5	92.9	91.3	91.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	82.4	81.6	81.6	81.4	81.4	81.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	88.7	86.8	82.1	81.4	81.4	81.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	81.4	81.4
Any Terrestrial	93.7	93.1	91.5	91.0	81.4	81.4
Cable	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4
Copper	39.3	13.3	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	75.2	67.4	3.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	91.0	91.0	91.0	91.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	93.3	92.2	91.0	90.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	71.9	69.9	69.8	69.8	69.8	66.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	86.6	82.9	73.5	70.5	69.8	66.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	69.8	66.7
Any Terrestrial	93.5	92.2	91.0	90.3	69.8	66.7
Cable	59.8	59.8	59.8	59.8	59.8	0.0
Cable/Fiber	69.8	69.8	69.8	69.8	69.8	66.7
Copper	39.9	13.6	3.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7	66.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	76.1	70.4	14.2	1.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	89.7	89.7	89.7	89.7	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	97.6	97.6	96.9	96.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	76.3	74.3	74.2	74.1	74.0	73.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.7	86.9	77.9	74.7	74.0	73.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	74.0	73.1
Any Terrestrial	97.7	97.6	97.0	96.2	74.0	73.1
Cable	62.2	62.2	62.2	62.2	62.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	74.0	74.0	74.0	74.0	74.0	73.1
Copper	38.7	15.2	5.5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	73.1	73.1	73.1	73.1	73.1	73.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	79.1	71.7	4.3	0.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	95.7	95.7	95.7	95.7	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	96.0	95.9	95.1	93.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	64.9	61.7	61.6	61.5	61.3	59.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.1	80.4	66.5	62.6	61.3	59.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	59.4
Any Terrestrial	96.1	95.9	95.2	93.8	61.3	59.4
Cable	50.6	50.6	50.6	50.6	50.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	61.3	61.3	61.3	61.3	61.3	59.4
Copper	36.1	10.4	4.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	59.4	59.4	59.4	59.4	59.4	59.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	69.2	66.0	6.4	1.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	92.9	92.9	92.9	92.9	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.