North Dakota / AIANNHCE 4345 / Federally-recognized area

Turtle Mountain

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

100.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

11Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Turtle Mountain within North Dakota, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 67 square miles of land plus roughly 4.3 square miles of water. FCC BDC records show 11 fixed providers and 5 mobile providers across roughly 1,151 service locations, and current service levels of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 100.0% at 100/20, and 99.9% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Tribal lands in North Dakota are associated with Turtle Mountain, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: tmchippewa.com

Located in Belcourt, North Dakota, the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation is a 12 x 6 mile area. The Turtle Mountain Tribe would like to wish everyone a safe and Happy New Year! TRIBAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN to govern and control all emergency management responses to disaster or emergency by the Tribe, in accordance with the Emergency Management Response Act. The TM Tribe is proposing to add a new Act entitled.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	9,247	9,085	7,810	7,654	7,426	7,447
Households	2,740	2,584	2,236	2,131	2,126	2,111
Median age	26.5	26.5	26.6	27.0	26.5	26.6
Male / Female	48.9% / 51.1%	49.7% / 50.3%	49.7% / 50.3%	49.9% / 50.1%	50.4% / 49.6%	50.4% / 49.6%
Avg. household size	3.35	3.49	3.47	3.56	3.46	3.49
Pop. density (per sq mi)	137.0	134.6	115.7	113.4	110.0	110.3
HH density (per sq mi)	40.6	38.3	33.1	31.6	31.5	31.3

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$35,562	$41,734	$45,885	$51,301	$54,423	$58,906
Per capita income	$17,226	$18,035	$18,762	$20,200	$21,727	$22,277
Poverty rate	32.2%	30.0%	30.5%	28.5%	28.8%	27.7%
Unemployment rate	9.9%	8.1%	9.5%	7.5%	6.4%	4.7%
HS diploma or higher	58.6%	56.8%	56.5%	57.8%	56.1%	58.5%
Bachelor's degree or higher	17.4%	17.5%	15.2%	13.6%	13.9%	15.4%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	99.1 Mbps	99.6 Mbps
2019Q2	46.2 Mbps	40.6 Mbps
2019Q3	39.3 Mbps	29.0 Mbps
2019Q4	49.8 Mbps	50.8 Mbps
2020Q1	66.2 Mbps	58.9 Mbps
2020Q2	77.2 Mbps	72.6 Mbps
2020Q3	47.5 Mbps	40.6 Mbps
2020Q4	60.0 Mbps	55.2 Mbps
2021Q1	70.3 Mbps	65.9 Mbps
2021Q2	113.3 Mbps	107.0 Mbps
2021Q3	60.9 Mbps	52.9 Mbps
2021Q4	89.4 Mbps	80.3 Mbps
2022Q1	228.6 Mbps	233.8 Mbps
2022Q2	253.0 Mbps	228.0 Mbps
2022Q3	171.4 Mbps	162.1 Mbps
2022Q4	269.5 Mbps	242.7 Mbps
2023Q1	216.2 Mbps	224.7 Mbps
2023Q2	235.6 Mbps	202.1 Mbps
2023Q3	336.0 Mbps	279.8 Mbps
2023Q4	290.2 Mbps	250.5 Mbps
2024Q1	220.6 Mbps	187.6 Mbps
2024Q2	236.4 Mbps	214.0 Mbps
2024Q3	260.6 Mbps	227.6 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	90.3%	82.4%	78.2%
2016	88.7%	81.2%	77.9%
2017	92.2%	86.5%	81.9%
2018	93.3%	87.5%	85.0%
2019	96.7%	93.2%	87.7%
2020	98.1%	96.0%	87.8%
2021	99.9%	99.9%	99.9%
2022	99.7%	99.6%	99.4%
2023	99.9%	99.9%	99.8%
2024	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	58.9%	42.8%
2018	61.7%	44.7%
2019	63.1%	42.5%
2020	64.7%	41.2%
2021	74.2%	47.1%
2022	80.7%	52.1%
2023	84.4%	66.9%
2024	86.9%	73.6%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%	85%
Adoption	86.9%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	11
Mobile broadband providers	5
Broadband serviceable locations	1,151

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
UTMA	Nemont Telephone Cooperative, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	Union Holding Corp.
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Midcontinent Communications	—
Northwest Communications Cooperative	—
SRT Communications, Inc.	—
Triangle Telephone Cooperative Assn., Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.5%
Fiber	99.7%	99.7%	99.5%	99.5%
Cable	0.9%	0.9%	0.9%	0.9%
Fixed Wireless	6.3%	5.1%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.4%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	92.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	58.8%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	40.6%
Total area (sq mi)	431.442

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	77.0	14.9	14.8	1.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.9	99.9	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.7	99.6
Any Terrestrial	99.9	99.9	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.6
Cable	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.6
Copper	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.7	99.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	77.0	14.9	14.8	1.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	15.4	8.8	8.7	2.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.9	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.8	99.6
Any Terrestrial	99.9	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.6
Cable	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.6
Copper	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.4	8.8	8.7	2.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	15.8	11.0	10.9	3.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.8
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8
Cable	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cable/Fiber	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8
Copper	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.8	11.0	10.9	3.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	15.9	12.4	12.4	7.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.7	99.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.7	99.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.7	99.7
Any Terrestrial	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.7	99.7
Cable	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cable/Fiber	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.7	99.7
Copper	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.8	99.7	99.7
GSO Satellite	46.7	46.7	46.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.9	12.4	12.4	7.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	21.2	17.7	17.6	14.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9
Cable	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9
Copper	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	21.2	17.7	17.6	14.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	23.7	20.7	20.7	17.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8	99.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9	99.8	99.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.8
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	99.9	99.9	99.8	99.8
Cable	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cable/Fiber	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8	99.8
Copper	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.9	99.8	99.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	23.7	20.7	20.7	17.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.