Montana / AIANNHCE 1800 / Federally-recognized area
Kootenai
The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.
100.0%25/3 availability
95.1%100/20 availability
0.0%1000/100 availability
8Fixed providers
Figure 1. Location of Kootenai within Montana, with boundary detail (inset).
About the Tribal Area
Kootenai Reservation in Montana is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans less than 0.1 square miles. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 19 service locations, and current service levels of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 95.1% at 100/20, and 63.4% at 1000/100.
Tribal Area Description
Tribal lands in Montana are associated with Kootenai, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.
https://www.kpax.com/neighborhood-news/flathead-valley/salish-point-park-in-polson-undergoes-a-complete-rebuild-to-fix-shoreline-erosion#google_vignette Salish Point Park in Polson to undergo a complete rebuild to fix shoreline erosion The City of Polson and Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribe are partnering to rebuild the. The City of Polson and Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribe are partnering to rebuild the shoreline at Salish Point Park. - Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes.
Table 1. Demographics
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Population
118
137
170
182
162
150
Households
29
26
34
35
28
27
Median age
19.0
17.8
16.9
15.5
12.5
11.3
Male / Female
50.0% / 50.0%
46.0% / 54.0%
50.0% / 50.0%
54.9% / 45.1%
49.4% / 50.6%
48.7% / 51.3%
Avg. household size
4.07
5.27
5.00
5.20
5.79
5.56
Pop. density (per sq mi)
3034.5
3523.1
4371.8
4680.4
4166.0
3857.4
HH density (per sq mi)
745.8
668.6
874.4
900.1
720.1
694.3
Table 2. Economic & Education
Indicator
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Median household income
—
$30,000
$26,000
—
—
—
Per capita income
$14,270
$8,736
$8,287
$9,131
$4,755
$5,057
Poverty rate
33.9%
54.0%
60.0%
61.5%
78.4%
80.7%
Unemployment rate
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
HS diploma or higher
61.2%
52.2%
38.2%
62.9%
69.4%
63.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher
—
—
—
—
—
—
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.
Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)
Period
Download
Upload
2019Q1
2.8 Mbps
1.1 Mbps
2019Q2
13.3 Mbps
9.4 Mbps
2019Q3
37.5 Mbps
60.0 Mbps
2019Q4
13.3 Mbps
9.4 Mbps
2020Q1
15.1 Mbps
23.8 Mbps
2020Q2
15.6 Mbps
10.0 Mbps
2020Q3
37.0 Mbps
32.2 Mbps
2020Q4
11.3 Mbps
8.2 Mbps
2021Q1
10.0 Mbps
5.7 Mbps
2021Q2
15.1 Mbps
5.9 Mbps
2021Q3
44.9 Mbps
21.6 Mbps
2021Q4
55.0 Mbps
44.0 Mbps
2022Q1
174.1 Mbps
98.3 Mbps
2022Q2
175.6 Mbps
101.3 Mbps
2022Q3
133.3 Mbps
91.6 Mbps
2022Q4
110.6 Mbps
111.3 Mbps
2023Q1
173.0 Mbps
151.2 Mbps
2023Q2
50.6 Mbps
28.0 Mbps
2023Q3
142.2 Mbps
101.5 Mbps
2023Q4
143.0 Mbps
77.8 Mbps
2024Q1
87.9 Mbps
75.1 Mbps
2024Q2
80.0 Mbps
70.8 Mbps
2024Q3
77.2 Mbps
76.8 Mbps
Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)
Year
25/3
100/20
1 Gbps
2015
28.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2016
92.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2017
92.2%
0.0%
0.0%
2018
100.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2019
100.0%
42.7%
42.7%
2020
100.0%
42.7%
42.7%
2021
100.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2022
75.0%
75.0%
75.0%
2023
63.4%
58.5%
58.5%
2024
100.0%
95.1%
0.0%
Table 5. Adoption (%)
Year
All households
Low-income households
2017
35.5%
44.4%
2018
39.1%
0.0%
2019
31.0%
33.3%
2020
53.8%
71.4%
2021
58.8%
100.0%
2022
74.3%
100.0%
2023
85.7%
100.0%
2024
85.2%
100.0%
Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)
Tier
Coverage
25/3 Mbps
100.0%
100/20 Mbps
95.1%
1 Gbps
0.0%
Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)
Metric
Tribal
National
25/3 Mbps
100.0%
92%
100/20 Mbps
95.1%
85%
Adoption
85.2%
78%
Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.
Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)
Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)
Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)
Figure 5. Current Status (2024)
Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages
Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)
Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage
Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.
Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary
Metric
Value
Fixed broadband providers
8
Mobile broadband providers
3
Broadband serviceable locations
19
Table 9. Broadband Providers
Fixed
Mobile
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
AT&T Inc.
EchoStar Corporation
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.
Newmax, LLC
—
Viasat, Inc.
—
E.L. Automation Inc.
—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.
—
Northwest Fiber, LLC
—
Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)
Technology
25/3
100/20
250/25
1 Gbps
Any Technology
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
36.8%
Fiber
36.8%
36.8%
36.8%
36.8%
Cable
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Fixed Wireless
100.0%
63.2%
36.8%
0.0%
Copper (DSL)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Satellite
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
0.0%
Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)
Technology
Coverage
4G LTE
90.4%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)
69.9%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)
67.6%
Total area (sq mi)
14.325
Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)
Dec. 2022
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
96.4
85.5
85.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.2
0.0
0.0
All Wired
89.1
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
89.1
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.2
83.6
83.6
Any Terrestrial
96.4
96.4
96.4
83.6
83.6
83.6
Cable
3.6
3.6
3.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
Copper
45.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
83.6
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
87.3
43.6
43.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.2
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
85.5
85.5
85.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
90.0
90.0
90.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
76.7
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
76.7
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.3
73.3
Any Terrestrial
93.3
93.3
93.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
Copper
40.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
73.3
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
48.3
48.3
48.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
90.0
90.0
90.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2023
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
91.2
91.2
91.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
75.0
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
76.5
75.0
75.0
73.5
73.5
73.5
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.5
73.5
Any Terrestrial
94.1
94.1
94.1
73.5
73.5
73.5
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
Copper
33.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
73.5
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
52.9
50.0
50.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
91.2
91.2
91.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
91.4
91.4
91.4
2.9
2.9
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
70.0
70.0
70.0
18.6
18.6
15.7
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.6
15.7
Any Terrestrial
94.3
94.3
94.3
18.6
18.6
15.7
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
Copper
1.4
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
81.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
67.1
67.1
67.1
2.9
2.9
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
90.0
90.0
90.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec. 2024
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
97.1
97.1
97.1
19.1
11.8
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
All Wired
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
97.1
97.1
97.1
95.6
88.2
76.5
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
88.2
76.5
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.6
88.2
76.5
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
Copper
1.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
76.5
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
80.9
72.1
72.1
19.1
11.8
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
26.5
26.5
26.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
June 2025
Technology
2/2
10/1
25/3
100/20
250/25
1000/100
All Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.5
13.8
0.0
All Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
All Wired
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.3
78.5
Any Technology
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.5
Any Terrestrial
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.3
78.5
Cable
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable/Fiber
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
Copper
1.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fiber
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
GSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless
92.3
87.7
87.7
21.5
13.8
0.0
NGSO Satellite
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Other
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless
13.8
13.8
13.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.
Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.