Montana / AIANNHCE 1110 / Federally-recognized area

Flathead

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

83.6%25/3 availability

65.9%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

13Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Flathead within Montana, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Spans about 1936 square miles of land plus roughly 122.1 square miles of water in Montana, Flathead Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 13 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 19,366 service locations, with current availability of 83.6% at 25/3 Mbps, 65.9% at 100/20, and 9.7% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Located in Montana, Flathead is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: cskt.org

The Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes page for Flathead functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe. The page includes sections on Read more.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	29,926	30,608	31,631	31,690	31,728	32,167
Households	11,686	11,912	11,829	12,033	11,987	12,341
Median age	40.9	41.0	41.0	42.6	42.3	43.0
Male / Female	49.6% / 50.4%	49.4% / 50.6%	50.0% / 50.0%	49.7% / 50.3%	49.6% / 50.4%	49.2% / 50.8%
Avg. household size	2.51	2.52	2.63	2.59	2.61	2.58
Pop. density (per sq mi)	15.5	15.8	16.3	16.4	16.4	16.6
HH density (per sq mi)	6.0	6.2	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.4

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$44,262	$48,396	$50,352	$54,181	$58,794	$60,144
Per capita income	$23,412	$24,965	$26,406	$28,991	$31,232	$33,327
Poverty rate	20.9%	19.9%	20.2%	20.2%	19.2%	18.6%
Unemployment rate	7.4%	6.2%	6.4%	6.9%	7.0%	6.1%
HS diploma or higher	66.5%	66.8%	67.5%	67.2%	67.3%	66.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	26.8%	28.3%	29.8%	28.7%	27.6%	28.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	52.0 Mbps	9.1 Mbps
2019Q2	37.1 Mbps	8.6 Mbps
2019Q3	49.2 Mbps	10.1 Mbps
2019Q4	56.0 Mbps	9.7 Mbps
2020Q1	63.9 Mbps	12.3 Mbps
2020Q2	63.6 Mbps	9.9 Mbps
2020Q3	64.9 Mbps	10.5 Mbps
2020Q4	123.2 Mbps	18.1 Mbps
2021Q1	79.3 Mbps	16.4 Mbps
2021Q2	85.6 Mbps	13.8 Mbps
2021Q3	79.3 Mbps	12.8 Mbps
2021Q4	87.7 Mbps	17.1 Mbps
2022Q1	106.8 Mbps	14.5 Mbps
2022Q2	100.9 Mbps	13.7 Mbps
2022Q3	102.3 Mbps	13.0 Mbps
2022Q4	111.9 Mbps	16.8 Mbps
2023Q1	144.6 Mbps	17.0 Mbps
2023Q2	124.7 Mbps	16.7 Mbps
2023Q3	110.5 Mbps	13.2 Mbps
2023Q4	130.3 Mbps	18.7 Mbps
2024Q1	135.3 Mbps	17.2 Mbps
2024Q2	136.9 Mbps	18.6 Mbps
2024Q3	113.3 Mbps	17.4 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	30.5%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	28.7%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	33.7%	2.2%	0.0%
2018	58.4%	30.6%	0.0%
2019	72.8%	41.3%	0.0%
2020	97.7%	43.7%	0.0%
2021	88.4%	65.8%	16.0%
2022	68.3%	58.5%	8.5%
2023	70.6%	61.0%	9.3%
2024	83.6%	65.9%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	54.3%	44.7%
2018	57.9%	46.9%
2019	61.9%	55.1%
2020	62.3%	53.9%
2021	63.6%	55.7%
2022	64.8%	59.5%
2023	64.8%	62.8%
2024	64.9%	67.8%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	83.6%
100/20 Mbps	65.9%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	83.6%	92%
100/20 Mbps	65.9%	85%
Adoption	64.9%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	13
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	19,366

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Blackfoot Telephone Cooperative, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
Charter Communications	Dish Network Corporation
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
Hot Springs Telephone Company	—
EchoStar Corporation	—
CommunityTel, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Skymesh, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Centric Integrated Systems, Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	13.0%
Fiber	35.5%	35.5%	11.9%	11.9%
Cable	41.0%	36.9%	36.9%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	76.0%	33.5%	1.1%	1.1%
Copper (DSL)	29.4%	0.3%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	73.9%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	61.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	51.7%
Total area (sq mi)	5,713.761

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	80.5	57.5	57.5	4.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	74.5	0.0	0.0
All Wired	88.3	80.3	67.2	56.8	46.6	8.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.6	80.7	67.7	56.9	46.6	8.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	89.9	46.6	8.5
Any Terrestrial	96.5	90.0	84.8	59.5	46.6	8.5
Cable	41.1	41.1	41.1	37.5	37.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	56.9	56.9	56.9	56.8	46.6	8.5
Copper	78.0	56.4	30.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	34.4	34.4	34.1	34.1	9.1	8.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	64.2	4.2	4.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	74.5	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	56.1	56.0	56.0	4.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	72.0	61.9	61.9	15.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	88.6	81.3	68.2	59.1	45.4	8.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.4	82.7	70.5	60.4	45.4	8.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	45.4	8.4
Any Terrestrial	95.0	89.8	84.0	62.7	45.4	8.4
Cable	40.2	40.2	40.2	36.4	36.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	59.1	59.1	59.1	59.1	45.4	8.4
Copper	76.9	55.8	29.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	37.0	37.0	36.6	36.6	9.0	8.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	48.8	24.9	24.9	11.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	54.6	54.6	54.6	4.1	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	75.5	57.6	57.6	9.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	89.5	83.0	70.5	61.7	47.0	9.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.8	83.8	71.8	62.8	47.0	9.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	47.0	9.3
Any Terrestrial	95.7	90.7	85.4	64.9	47.0	9.3
Cable	41.2	41.2	41.2	37.1	37.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	61.7	61.7	61.7	61.7	47.0	9.3
Copper	80.0	58.0	30.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	39.4	39.4	39.0	39.0	10.0	9.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	50.9	6.8	6.8	5.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	55.8	55.7	55.7	3.8	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	74.5	65.4	65.4	24.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	89.1	81.9	69.2	58.9	47.5	9.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.1	84.4	74.1	64.4	47.5	9.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	47.5	9.5
Any Terrestrial	94.8	90.4	85.3	67.0	47.5	9.5
Cable	41.6	41.6	41.6	37.4	37.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	59.0	59.0	58.9	58.9	47.5	9.5
Copper	75.1	53.3	27.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	32.0	32.0	31.6	31.6	10.1	9.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	50.5	27.7	27.7	18.7	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	57.0	56.9	56.9	7.3	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	81.6	71.8	71.8	27.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	91.7	84.3	70.3	60.1	47.9	9.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.6	87.5	78.0	66.5	47.9	9.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	47.9	9.7
Any Terrestrial	96.7	92.5	87.9	68.8	47.9	9.7
Cable	41.7	41.7	41.7	37.5	37.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1	47.9	9.7
Copper	77.4	55.5	28.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	34.2	34.2	33.7	33.7	10.3	9.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	64.1	33.6	33.6	22.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	57.7	57.6	57.6	7.5	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	85.1	76.0	76.0	33.5	1.1	1.1
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	90.3	82.9	71.5	62.3	48.8	11.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.1	86.1	76.7	68.1	48.8	11.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	13.0
Any Terrestrial	97.2	93.5	89.5	72.0	49.9	13.0
Cable	41.0	41.0	41.0	36.9	36.9	0.0
Cable/Fiber	62.3	62.3	62.2	62.2	48.8	11.9
Copper	76.0	54.4	29.4	0.3	0.0	0.0
Fiber	36.0	36.0	35.5	35.5	11.9	11.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	56.5	32.9	32.9	26.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	65.9	65.8	65.8	13.4	1.1	1.1

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.