Montana / AIANNHCE 0845 / Federally-recognized area

Crow

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

75.0%25/3 availability

54.3%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

13Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Crow within Montana, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Spans about 3565 square miles of land plus roughly 11.4 square miles of water in Montana, Crow Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 13 fixed providers and 5 mobile providers across roughly 15 service locations, with current availability of 75.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 54.3% at 100/20, and 52.5% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Located in Montana, Crow is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.crow-nsn.gov

The governing body of the Crow Tribe exercises a separation and balance of power through these three branches, as stated in ARTICLE I of the Constitution and By-Laws. The website includes sections on Crow Tribal Govt., Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Vice-Secretary, and Crow Childcare Program.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	7,623	7,461	7,351	7,353	7,346	6,848
Households	1,814	1,777	1,684	1,720	1,733	1,745
Median age	29.5	28.0	28.3	28.9	29.2	28.4
Male / Female	49.6% / 50.4%	49.0% / 51.0%	48.1% / 51.9%	50.5% / 49.5%	49.4% / 50.6%	46.2% / 53.8%
Avg. household size	4.19	4.18	4.35	4.26	4.22	3.91
Pop. density (per sq mi)	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.9
HH density (per sq mi)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$50,179	$46,836	$49,167	$51,250	$56,661	$58,171
Per capita income	$16,013	$15,962	$16,132	$17,562	$19,617	$21,679
Poverty rate	29.2%	32.4%	31.1%	29.8%	26.0%	28.2%
Unemployment rate	16.3%	19.2%	19.4%	20.7%	20.4%	19.3%
HS diploma or higher	60.6%	59.4%	59.8%	59.9%	61.8%	61.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher	15.7%	17.2%	17.6%	15.6%	17.2%	17.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	16.5 Mbps	6.2 Mbps
2019Q2	10.9 Mbps	5.3 Mbps
2019Q3	13.9 Mbps	5.3 Mbps
2019Q4	23.8 Mbps	10.4 Mbps
2020Q1	20.4 Mbps	14.2 Mbps
2020Q2	18.2 Mbps	15.6 Mbps
2020Q3	18.3 Mbps	12.6 Mbps
2020Q4	17.3 Mbps	7.3 Mbps
2021Q1	14.5 Mbps	11.1 Mbps
2021Q2	26.5 Mbps	21.0 Mbps
2021Q3	29.5 Mbps	13.1 Mbps
2021Q4	53.7 Mbps	17.3 Mbps
2022Q1	35.5 Mbps	14.3 Mbps
2022Q2	51.3 Mbps	16.3 Mbps
2022Q3	50.3 Mbps	17.8 Mbps
2022Q4	52.0 Mbps	13.3 Mbps
2023Q1	52.7 Mbps	17.7 Mbps
2023Q2	43.3 Mbps	8.9 Mbps
2023Q3	50.0 Mbps	6.9 Mbps
2023Q4	44.9 Mbps	7.8 Mbps
2024Q1	57.9 Mbps	13.4 Mbps
2024Q2	94.7 Mbps	25.8 Mbps
2024Q3	63.5 Mbps	14.8 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	46.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	63.3%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	73.6%	34.6%	34.6%
2018	74.5%	35.6%	35.3%
2019	50.4%	34.5%	34.1%
2020	76.8%	34.7%	34.7%
2021	96.8%	62.0%	62.0%
2022	58.5%	49.0%	48.9%
2023	59.0%	50.2%	49.7%
2024	75.0%	54.3%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	30.8%	28.6%
2018	31.7%	29.8%
2019	35.2%	35.3%
2020	38.3%	44.4%
2021	37.9%	48.8%
2022	40.4%	48.6%
2023	46.0%	63.5%
2024	47.5%	66.3%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	75.0%
100/20 Mbps	54.3%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	75.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	54.3%	85%
Adoption	47.5%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	13
Mobile broadband providers	5
Broadband serviceable locations	15

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Nemont Telephone Cooperative, Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Verizon Communications Inc.
Nemont Telephone Cooperative, Inc.	Dish Network Corporation
Range Telephone Cooperative, Inc.	—
BHT Holdings, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Visionary Communications, Inc.	—
BHT Investment Holdings LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Charter Communications	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Fiber	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	44.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	25.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	20.1%
Total area (sq mi)	80.053

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	60.4	22.1	20.5	11.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	93.9	0.0	0.0
All Wired	69.5	62.0	59.5	52.5	52.5	52.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	85.1	63.1	60.7	52.5	52.5	52.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	95.8	52.5	52.5
Any Terrestrial	90.2	76.5	73.9	62.9	52.5	52.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	52.5	52.5	52.5	52.5	52.5	52.5
Copper	17.1	9.6	7.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	52.5	52.5	52.5	52.5	52.5	52.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	50.8	1.6	1.6	0.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	93.9	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	21.4	20.8	19.1	11.5	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	34.2	21.4	20.0	10.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	73.1	66.6	62.5	55.9	55.9	55.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	76.5	67.8	63.8	56.1	55.9	55.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	55.9	55.6
Any Terrestrial	85.5	79.9	76.1	65.4	55.9	55.6
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	56.0	56.0	56.0	55.9	55.9	55.6
Copper	17.2	10.6	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	98.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	16.9	2.0	2.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	20.2	19.8	18.2	10.4	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	39.3	34.6	33.1	20.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	71.0	64.7	62.4	55.9	55.9	55.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	74.3	65.9	63.8	56.2	55.9	55.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	55.9	55.9
Any Terrestrial	86.3	81.4	78.9	67.8	55.9	55.9
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9
Copper	15.3	8.8	6.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9	55.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	18.3	12.3	12.1	8.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	23.7	23.4	22.0	12.2	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	40.9	36.0	33.7	24.1	0.1	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	73.5	67.4	65.1	58.5	58.5	58.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	76.8	68.8	66.5	59.2	58.5	58.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	58.6	58.5
Any Terrestrial	86.8	81.9	78.5	68.6	58.6	58.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	58.5	58.5	58.5	58.5	58.5	58.5
Copper	15.1	8.9	6.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	58.5	58.5	58.5	58.5	58.5	58.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	62.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	22.3	16.3	16.2	13.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	20.9	20.6	18.4	10.8	0.1	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	42.4	37.0	35.1	24.5	0.1	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	74.8	67.7	65.1	59.1	59.1	59.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	78.6	69.8	67.4	60.6	59.1	59.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	59.2	59.1
Any Terrestrial	86.5	81.3	78.4	68.6	59.2	59.1
Cable	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	59.1	59.1	59.1	59.1	59.1	59.1
Copper	16.4	9.2	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	59.1	59.1	59.1	59.1	59.1	59.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	25.5	19.3	18.7	15.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	19.7	19.3	17.4	9.8	0.1	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	51.6	47.2	46.5	26.3	0.1	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	75.4	68.5	66.0	60.1	60.1	60.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	79.0	71.9	69.4	62.6	60.1	60.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	60.1
Any Terrestrial	90.8	88.4	86.8	76.5	60.1	60.1
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1
Copper	15.5	8.5	5.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1	60.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	25.7	20.1	20.1	11.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	29.4	29.3	28.6	15.9	0.1	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.