Minnesota / AIANNHCE 1940 / Federally-recognized area

Leech Lake

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

87.6%25/3 availability

78.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

11Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Leech Lake within Minnesota, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In Minnesota, this federally recognized tribe uses Leech Lake Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 973 square miles of land plus roughly 337.0 square miles of water. FCC BDC records show 11 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers serving roughly 10,202 service locations, with current availability of 87.6% at 25/3 Mbps, 78.0% at 100/20, and 61.8% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

A federally recognized tribe in Minnesota, Leech Lake is organized around tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.llojibwe.org

The Government page for Leech Lake functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe. The page includes sections on About LLBO, Elders, Veterans, Employment, and Employees.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	10,976	11,591	11,440	11,189	10,935	10,983
Households	4,399	4,632	4,049	3,996	4,014	4,002
Median age	41.1	40.5	38.4	40.6	41.6	41.4
Male / Female	50.6% / 49.4%	49.9% / 50.1%	52.2% / 47.8%	52.2% / 47.8%	52.3% / 47.7%	51.8% / 48.2%
Avg. household size	2.49	2.49	2.82	2.79	2.72	2.74
Pop. density (per sq mi)	11.3	11.9	11.8	11.5	11.2	11.3
HH density (per sq mi)	4.5	4.8	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$48,839	$53,925	$55,941	$62,025	$62,641	$63,767
Per capita income	$24,880	$26,300	$25,629	$29,256	$30,041	$31,659
Poverty rate	21.2%	19.0%	18.8%	20.8%	22.1%	20.9%
Unemployment rate	9.6%	7.8%	10.6%	10.4%	9.7%	10.3%
HS diploma or higher	65.2%	68.1%	66.4%	66.5%	65.6%	65.2%
Bachelor's degree or higher	19.9%	24.6%	20.8%	21.4%	21.4%	22.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	65.8 Mbps	67.2 Mbps
2019Q2	63.6 Mbps	61.1 Mbps
2019Q3	51.8 Mbps	47.4 Mbps
2019Q4	64.9 Mbps	63.9 Mbps
2020Q1	56.5 Mbps	46.9 Mbps
2020Q2	50.2 Mbps	39.2 Mbps
2020Q3	72.6 Mbps	61.8 Mbps
2020Q4	108.7 Mbps	99.9 Mbps
2021Q1	102.6 Mbps	99.2 Mbps
2021Q2	95.3 Mbps	77.7 Mbps
2021Q3	90.8 Mbps	68.9 Mbps
2021Q4	113.7 Mbps	102.9 Mbps
2022Q1	113.4 Mbps	91.5 Mbps
2022Q2	90.7 Mbps	70.3 Mbps
2022Q3	98.7 Mbps	77.5 Mbps
2022Q4	135.4 Mbps	117.3 Mbps
2023Q1	169.6 Mbps	122.7 Mbps
2023Q2	121.0 Mbps	84.4 Mbps
2023Q3	108.4 Mbps	61.5 Mbps
2023Q4	150.8 Mbps	111.0 Mbps
2024Q1	164.7 Mbps	148.4 Mbps
2024Q2	156.1 Mbps	91.5 Mbps
2024Q3	138.2 Mbps	78.3 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	55.3%	16.7%	1.5%
2016	77.4%	49.5%	27.7%
2017	83.0%	74.3%	52.5%
2018	83.8%	74.7%	54.8%
2019	89.9%	81.3%	56.5%
2020	97.1%	83.2%	70.9%
2021	98.1%	88.1%	88.1%
2022	82.1%	75.2%	60.7%
2023	80.9%	74.0%	57.3%
2024	87.6%	78.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	51.4%	45.2%
2018	54.2%	48.1%
2019	54.8%	47.8%
2020	53.0%	53.7%
2021	60.9%	64.3%
2022	63.1%	67.7%
2023	64.9%	67.0%
2024	67.0%	73.2%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	87.6%
100/20 Mbps	78.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	87.6%	92%
100/20 Mbps	78.0%	85%
Adoption	67.0%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	11
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	10,202

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Arvig Enterprises, Inc.	AT&T Inc.
AT&T Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
EchoStar Corporation	—
Johnson Telephone Company	—
Midcontinent Communications	—
Paul Bunyan Rural Telephone Cooperative	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	62.9%
Fiber	62.9%	62.9%	62.9%	62.9%
Cable	23.3%	23.3%	23.3%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	18.5%	6.5%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	24.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	0.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.211

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	64.1	5.0	5.0	0.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	92.5	92.4	79.7	73.4	73.4	59.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.0	92.7	81.4	74.1	73.4	59.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	73.4	59.7
Any Terrestrial	97.0	92.7	81.4	74.1	73.4	59.7
Cable	21.8	21.8	21.8	21.8	21.8	0.0
Cable/Fiber	73.4	73.4	73.4	73.4	73.4	59.7
Copper	55.4	53.9	23.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	59.7	59.7	59.7	59.7	59.7	59.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	64.1	5.0	5.0	0.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	44.0	6.8	6.8	2.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	92.9	92.8	80.9	74.9	74.9	60.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.6	93.0	81.6	75.3	74.9	60.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	74.9	60.0
Any Terrestrial	94.6	93.0	81.6	75.3	74.9	60.0
Cable	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	74.9	74.9	74.9	74.9	74.9	60.0
Copper	57.1	55.5	24.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	60.1	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	44.0	6.8	6.8	2.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	41.9	13.7	13.7	2.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	92.2	92.1	79.1	73.2	73.2	56.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	93.7	92.4	80.7	73.4	73.2	56.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	73.2	56.1
Any Terrestrial	93.7	92.4	80.7	73.4	73.2	56.1
Cable	24.6	24.6	24.6	24.6	24.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	73.2	73.2	73.2	73.2	73.2	56.1
Copper	54.2	52.8	20.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	56.1	56.1	56.1	56.1	56.1	56.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	41.9	13.7	13.7	2.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	32.4	15.1	15.1	3.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	94.8	94.7	82.7	76.3	76.3	60.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.1	94.8	83.7	76.6	76.3	60.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	76.3	60.7
Any Terrestrial	95.1	94.8	83.7	76.6	76.3	60.7
Cable	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	76.3	76.3	76.3	76.3	76.3	60.7
Copper	57.4	55.8	23.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7
GSO Satellite	85.2	85.2	85.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	32.4	15.1	15.1	3.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	26.4	13.5	13.5	3.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	96.6	96.5	84.3	78.2	78.2	61.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.9	96.7	85.1	78.3	78.2	61.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	78.2	61.1
Any Terrestrial	96.9	96.7	85.1	78.3	78.2	61.1
Cable	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	78.2	78.2	78.2	78.2	78.2	61.1
Copper	59.8	58.2	24.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	61.1	61.1	61.1	61.1	61.1	61.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	26.4	13.5	13.5	3.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	30.9	18.5	18.5	6.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	96.9	96.8	85.0	79.1	79.1	62.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.2	97.0	86.5	80.5	79.1	62.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	62.9
Any Terrestrial	97.2	97.0	86.5	80.5	79.1	62.9
Cable	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	79.1	79.1	79.1	79.1	79.1	62.9
Copper	59.2	57.7	24.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	62.9	62.9	62.9	62.9	62.9	62.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	30.9	18.5	18.5	6.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.