Minnesota / AIANNHCE 0335 / Federally-recognized area

Bois Forte

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

80.2%25/3 availability

77.2%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

10Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Bois Forte within Minnesota, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Bois Forte Reservation is a reservation in Minnesota associated with this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 200 square miles of land plus roughly 12.2 square miles of water. The latest FCC BDC filing shows 10 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 36 service locations, with current availability of 80.2% at 25/3 Mbps, 77.2% at 100/20, and 77.2% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Bois Forte is a federally recognized tribe in Minnesota with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: boisforte.com

I have lived on the Reservation all of my life and have worked in the Housing department and KBFT 89.9 FM Bois Forte Tribal Community Radio. As a member of Tribal Council, I serve Bois Forte Band members, Tribal programs, businesses, and Tribal government. I serve on the Bois Forte Ambulance Service and the Bois Forte Fire Department. I serve Band members of my district by listening to their concerns and bring those concerns to the Tribal Council meetings. I push for transparency – open Tribal government and financial reports.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	1,336	994	1,005	932	877	784
Households	439	429	398	383	343	313
Median age	29.9	41.7	40.9	40.8	37.1	39.6
Male / Female	51.5% / 48.5%	46.8% / 53.2%	45.6% / 54.4%	47.1% / 52.9%	47.2% / 52.8%	49.1% / 50.9%
Avg. household size	3.01	2.30	2.53	2.43	2.56	2.50
Pop. density (per sq mi)	6.6	4.9	5.0	4.6	4.3	3.9
HH density (per sq mi)	2.2	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.6

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$48,542	$28,194	$36,136	$41,458	$47,232	$49,464
Per capita income	$19,884	$18,399	$19,418	$22,412	$23,559	$25,287
Poverty rate	23.8%	30.6%	28.0%	24.9%	25.1%	26.4%
Unemployment rate	8.3%	8.1%	12.2%	9.7%	8.0%	8.1%
HS diploma or higher	46.1%	60.8%	57.2%	59.4%	62.6%	63.9%
Bachelor's degree or higher	9.6%	10.1%	11.9%	12.0%	13.1%	11.8%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	25.3 Mbps	4.8 Mbps
2019Q2	18.5 Mbps	2.8 Mbps
2019Q3	28.0 Mbps	14.1 Mbps
2019Q4	23.8 Mbps	3.4 Mbps
2020Q1	14.9 Mbps	2.3 Mbps
2020Q2	16.6 Mbps	2.4 Mbps
2020Q3	17.4 Mbps	9.8 Mbps
2020Q4	32.3 Mbps	4.8 Mbps
2021Q1	25.4 Mbps	5.2 Mbps
2021Q2	29.8 Mbps	7.3 Mbps
2021Q3	48.1 Mbps	13.3 Mbps
2021Q4	27.7 Mbps	5.2 Mbps
2022Q1	43.8 Mbps	6.2 Mbps
2022Q2	112.3 Mbps	88.7 Mbps
2022Q3	103.9 Mbps	64.1 Mbps
2022Q4	123.3 Mbps	49.4 Mbps
2023Q1	155.2 Mbps	114.1 Mbps
2023Q2	67.1 Mbps	45.6 Mbps
2023Q3	92.9 Mbps	28.2 Mbps
2023Q4	161.6 Mbps	130.3 Mbps
2024Q1	224.7 Mbps	215.4 Mbps
2024Q2	213.0 Mbps	183.3 Mbps
2024Q3	170.4 Mbps	131.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	81.8%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	94.3%	3.5%	3.5%
2022	22.9%	4.9%	4.5%
2023	69.1%	64.6%	64.6%
2024	80.2%	77.2%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	45.5%	64.7%
2018	54.6%	69.8%
2019	56.7%	73.1%
2020	59.4%	85.9%
2021	58.0%	78.5%
2022	57.4%	75.7%
2023	58.3%	77.8%
2024	62.6%	76.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	80.2%
100/20 Mbps	77.2%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	80.2%	92%
100/20 Mbps	77.2%	85%
Adoption	62.6%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	10
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	36

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Arvig Enterprises, Inc.	AT&T Inc.
AT&T Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Lumen Technologies, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
Frontier Communications Corporation	—
Consolidated Telephone Company	—
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
EchoStar Corporation	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	94.4%
Fiber	94.4%	94.4%	94.4%	94.4%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	38.9%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	5.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	95.9%
Total area (sq mi)	5.161

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	78.1	7.0	7.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	42.1	39.8	14.5	3.4	2.9	2.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	85.1	44.5	21.2	3.4	2.9	2.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	2.9	2.9
Any Terrestrial	85.1	44.5	21.2	3.4	2.9	2.9
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Copper	41.4	39.2	12.8	0.5	0.0	0.0
Fiber	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	78.1	7.0	7.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	29.5	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	44.4	42.3	14.8	4.0	4.0	3.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	55.4	42.9	16.7	4.0	4.0	3.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	4.0	3.7
Any Terrestrial	55.4	42.9	16.7	4.0	4.0	3.7
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.0	4.0	3.7
Copper	42.4	40.3	12.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.0	4.0	3.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	29.5	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	50.3	2.5	2.5	0.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	86.4	86.4	81.4	79.0	79.0	79.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	93.5	86.6	81.6	79.0	79.0	79.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	79.0	79.0
Any Terrestrial	93.5	86.6	81.6	79.0	79.0	79.0
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	79.0	79.0	79.0	79.0	79.0	79.0
Copper	58.1	56.1	19.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	79.0	79.0	79.0	79.0	79.0	79.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	50.3	2.5	2.5	0.7	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	53.4	7.3	7.3	0.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	93.0	93.0	81.3	78.8	78.8	78.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.6	93.0	81.3	78.8	78.8	78.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	78.8	78.8
Any Terrestrial	95.6	93.0	81.3	78.8	78.8	78.8
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	78.8	78.8	78.8	78.8	78.8	78.8
Copper	65.2	64.0	19.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	78.8	78.8	78.8	78.8	78.8	78.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	53.4	7.3	7.3	0.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	51.2	14.9	14.9	0.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	95.0	95.0	88.0	86.5	86.5	86.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.2	95.0	88.0	86.5	86.5	86.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	86.5	86.5
Any Terrestrial	96.2	95.0	88.0	86.5	86.5	86.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	86.5	86.5	86.5	86.5	86.5	86.5
Copper	65.6	64.4	19.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	86.5	86.5	86.5	86.5	86.5	86.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	51.2	14.9	14.9	0.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	45.9	19.4	19.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	91.4	91.4	90.8	90.6	90.6	90.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	91.4	91.4	90.8	90.6	90.6	90.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	90.6
Any Terrestrial	91.4	91.4	90.8	90.6	90.6	90.6
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6
Copper	60.1	59.0	18.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	45.9	19.4	19.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.