Michigan / AIANNHCE 1370 / Federally-recognized area

Grand Traverse

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

99.4%25/3 availability

97.2%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

13Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Grand Traverse within Michigan, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Spans less than 0.1 square miles in Michigan, Grand Traverse Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 13 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 226 service locations, with current availability of 99.4% at 25/3 Mbps, 97.2% at 100/20, and 8.9% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Located in Michigan, Grand Traverse is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.gtbindians.org

The Welcome page for Grand Traverse functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	663	625	603	607	558	541
Households	212	195	159	173	141	137
Median age	30.6	33.0	29.5	31.5	25.0	25.2
Male / Female	41.8% / 58.2%	40.0% / 60.0%	41.6% / 58.4%	39.0% / 61.0%	40.9% / 59.1%	41.0% / 59.0%
Avg. household size	3.01	3.05	3.58	3.39	3.84	3.85
Pop. density (per sq mi)	23119.6	21794.5	21027.3	21166.8	19458.1	18865.3
HH density (per sq mi)	7392.7	6799.9	5544.5	6032.7	4916.8	4777.4

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$31,250	$32,583	$33,750	$48,906	$50,982	$56,250
Per capita income	$15,589	$16,873	$17,744	$20,653	$21,150	$25,095
Poverty rate	35.4%	42.8%	41.5%	37.5%	39.6%	29.5%
Unemployment rate	16.4%	23.3%	28.4%	25.1%	32.9%	27.3%
HS diploma or higher	47.6%	42.1%	42.5%	39.9%	35.5%	41.5%
Bachelor's degree or higher	8.4%	10.1%	7.0%	8.6%	7.2%	8.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	64.0 Mbps	11.4 Mbps
2019Q2	57.5 Mbps	12.0 Mbps
2019Q3	55.3 Mbps	8.5 Mbps
2019Q4	89.6 Mbps	11.4 Mbps
2020Q1	82.0 Mbps	10.6 Mbps
2020Q2	82.0 Mbps	9.5 Mbps
2020Q3	64.0 Mbps	10.3 Mbps
2020Q4	72.6 Mbps	9.8 Mbps
2021Q1	72.7 Mbps	13.2 Mbps
2021Q2	88.2 Mbps	14.6 Mbps
2021Q3	93.0 Mbps	16.1 Mbps
2021Q4	90.7 Mbps	10.8 Mbps
2022Q1	166.9 Mbps	13.6 Mbps
2022Q2	133.7 Mbps	13.7 Mbps
2022Q3	167.8 Mbps	14.0 Mbps
2022Q4	203.3 Mbps	14.1 Mbps
2023Q1	184.3 Mbps	12.6 Mbps
2023Q2	334.9 Mbps	15.3 Mbps
2023Q3	293.2 Mbps	18.2 Mbps
2023Q4	218.4 Mbps	13.5 Mbps
2024Q1	256.6 Mbps	11.9 Mbps
2024Q2	186.3 Mbps	14.4 Mbps
2024Q3	245.1 Mbps	11.1 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2017	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2018	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2019	100.0%	100.0%	96.2%
2020	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	83.9%
2022	84.7%	82.4%	1.2%
2023	88.6%	86.4%	5.7%
2024	99.4%	97.2%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	47.6%	30.6%
2018	52.0%	39.4%
2019	50.0%	41.6%
2020	57.4%	46.6%
2021	54.1%	49.1%
2022	54.3%	56.9%
2023	61.7%	71.1%
2024	67.9%	84.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	99.4%
100/20 Mbps	97.2%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	99.4%	92%
100/20 Mbps	97.2%	85%
Adoption	67.9%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	13
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	226

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Charter Communications	AT&T Inc.
COLI Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Connect Holding II LLC	—
AT&T Inc.	—
Frontier Communications Corporation	—
Point Broadband Fiber Holding, LLC	—
KEPS Technologies Inc.	—
Eclipse Communications	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	33.2%
Fiber	33.2%	33.2%	33.2%	33.2%
Cable	74.8%	74.8%	74.8%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	79.6%	39.8%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	1.8%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	94.6%
Total area (sq mi)	3.897

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	79.6	21.4	12.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	94.0	78.1	77.1	77.1	77.1	0.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.5	81.1	80.1	77.1	77.1	0.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	77.1	77.1	0.5
Any Terrestrial	97.5	85.1	80.6	77.1	77.1	0.5
Cable	76.6	76.6	76.6	76.6	76.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	77.1	77.1	77.1	77.1	77.1	0.5
Copper	63.7	5.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	79.1	12.4	12.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	21.4	21.4	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	81.0	23.9	15.6	1.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	88.3	73.7	73.7	73.7	73.7	1.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	91.7	78.5	78.5	73.7	73.7	1.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	73.7	1.5
Any Terrestrial	93.2	82.4	79.0	73.7	73.7	1.5
Cable	73.7	73.7	73.7	73.7	73.7	0.0
Cable/Fiber	73.7	73.7	73.7	73.7	73.7	1.5
Copper	60.0	4.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	76.1	15.1	15.1	1.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	21.9	21.9	2.9	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	75.4	41.9	33.5	3.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	86.2	85.7	72.4	72.4	72.4	1.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	89.2	88.7	77.3	72.4	72.4	1.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	72.4	1.5
Any Terrestrial	94.1	94.1	80.8	72.4	72.4	1.5
Cable	72.4	72.4	72.4	72.4	72.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	72.4	72.4	72.4	72.4	72.4	1.5
Copper	59.1	56.2	3.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	64.0	16.8	16.8	3.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	37.9	37.9	19.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	88.0	75.9	72.3	33.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	88.8	76.8	76.8	76.8	76.8	1.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.2	87.5	87.5	83.5	76.8	1.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	76.8	1.3
Any Terrestrial	96.0	92.4	90.2	83.5	76.8	1.3
Cable	76.8	76.8	76.8	76.8	76.8	0.0
Cable/Fiber	76.8	76.8	76.8	76.8	76.8	1.3
Copper	51.8	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	79.9	52.2	52.2	33.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	39.3	39.3	22.3	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	83.8	79.5	77.3	36.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	88.7	84.3	77.3	77.3	77.3	3.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.3	91.7	90.0	87.3	77.3	3.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	77.3	3.9
Any Terrestrial	96.9	94.3	92.6	87.3	77.3	3.9
Cable	77.3	77.3	77.3	77.3	77.3	0.0
Cable/Fiber	77.3	77.3	77.3	77.3	77.3	3.9
Copper	50.2	36.7	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	72.0	55.5	55.5	36.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	29.3	29.3	21.8	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	85.3	79.2	77.9	39.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	84.4	80.5	74.9	74.9	74.9	32.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	92.6	90.5	89.6	84.0	74.9	32.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	32.5
Any Terrestrial	95.2	93.1	92.2	84.0	74.9	32.5
Cable	73.2	73.2	73.2	73.2	73.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	74.9	74.9	74.9	74.9	74.9	32.5
Copper	49.4	35.9	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	32.5	32.5	32.5	32.5	32.5	32.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	75.3	56.7	56.7	39.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	28.6	28.6	21.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.