Michigan / AIANNHCE 0170 / Federally-recognized area

Bay Mills

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

97.2%25/3 availability

96.6%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

10Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Bay Mills within Michigan, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In Michigan, this federally recognized tribe uses Bay Mills Reservation as its main reservation, and it spans about 5.5 square miles. FCC BDC records show 10 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers serving roughly 601 service locations, with current availability of 97.2% at 25/3 Mbps, 96.6% at 100/20, and 0.2% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

A federally recognized tribe in Michigan, Bay Mills is organized around tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.baymills.org

The Bay Mills website provides information about tribal government, community services, and local resources. The site includes sections on Information, Application, Public Transportation schedule, BMHC Patient Satisfaction Survey, and submitting this form. The homepage currently emphasizes practical information and community updates more than a long historical overview.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	1,334	1,299	1,367	1,199	1,247	1,129
Households	407	411	400	342	376	391
Median age	29.0	27.3	27.1	25.8	25.1	26.0
Male / Female	54.0% / 46.0%	50.8% / 49.2%	49.6% / 50.4%	48.5% / 51.5%	48.8% / 51.2%	47.6% / 52.4%
Avg. household size	3.28	3.16	3.42	3.51	3.32	2.89
Pop. density (per sq mi)	239.8	233.6	245.8	215.6	224.2	203.0
HH density (per sq mi)	73.2	73.9	71.9	61.5	67.6	70.3

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$46,058	$50,486	$50,455	$55,568	$56,944	$55,625
Per capita income	$20,410	$19,929	$19,233	$20,212	$20,445	$22,657
Poverty rate	14.9%	19.1%	22.3%	23.4%	23.2%	23.3%
Unemployment rate	7.8%	7.3%	7.3%	7.8%	8.8%	8.5%
HS diploma or higher	54.5%	57.4%	58.2%	62.2%	58.8%	59.4%
Bachelor's degree or higher	12.3%	16.7%	15.5%	18.6%	17.7%	16.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	199.4 Mbps	15.4 Mbps
2019Q2	90.5 Mbps	8.7 Mbps
2019Q3	67.9 Mbps	20.4 Mbps
2019Q4	107.2 Mbps	24.8 Mbps
2020Q1	75.0 Mbps	24.9 Mbps
2020Q2	37.5 Mbps	10.0 Mbps
2020Q3	28.0 Mbps	8.2 Mbps
2020Q4	252.1 Mbps	31.8 Mbps
2021Q1	332.4 Mbps	35.5 Mbps
2021Q2	248.8 Mbps	25.7 Mbps
2021Q3	148.9 Mbps	19.4 Mbps
2021Q4	199.5 Mbps	17.8 Mbps
2022Q1	104.5 Mbps	11.0 Mbps
2022Q2	259.8 Mbps	16.3 Mbps
2022Q3	270.4 Mbps	19.1 Mbps
2022Q4	299.2 Mbps	21.5 Mbps
2023Q1	461.6 Mbps	32.5 Mbps
2023Q2	210.7 Mbps	15.3 Mbps
2023Q3	311.9 Mbps	20.5 Mbps
2023Q4	319.2 Mbps	19.3 Mbps
2024Q1	290.4 Mbps	18.9 Mbps
2024Q2	408.2 Mbps	19.2 Mbps
2024Q3	342.2 Mbps	18.1 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	9.1%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	97.7%	95.3%	0.0%
2022	94.2%	93.8%	0.3%
2023	95.1%	95.1%	0.2%
2024	97.2%	96.6%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	75.4%	70.8%
2018	75.5%	72.9%
2019	73.2%	81.8%
2020	69.1%	84.9%
2021	80.3%	90.8%
2022	78.9%	94.5%
2023	78.5%	91.9%
2024	84.7%	96.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	97.2%
100/20 Mbps	96.6%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	97.2%	92%
100/20 Mbps	96.6%	85%
Adoption	84.7%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	10
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	601

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
Hiawatha Communications, Inc.	—
EchoStar Corporation	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Peninsula Fiber Network, LLC	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Board of Trustees, Northern Michigan University	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	37.9%	37.9%	37.9%	0.0%
Cable	89.2%	89.2%	89.2%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	0.5%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	92.8%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	77.6%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	68.8%
Total area (sq mi)	13.167

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	32.9	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7	0.0
All Wired	96.2	96.2	90.5	90.5	90.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.9	96.5	90.5	90.5	90.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7	90.5
Any Terrestrial	98.9	96.5	90.5	90.5	90.5
Cable	87.2	87.2	87.2	87.2	87.2
Cable/Fiber	90.5	90.5	90.5	90.5	90.5
Copper	79.0	79.0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Fiber	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	32.9	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	3.3	0.8	0.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	96.7	96.7	91.8	91.8	91.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.4	97.0	91.8	91.8	91.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	91.8
Any Terrestrial	97.4	97.0	91.8	91.8	91.8
Cable	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6	82.6
Cable/Fiber	91.8	91.8	91.8	91.8	91.8
Copper	94.6	94.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5	24.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	3.3	0.8	0.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	1.7	1.5	1.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	96.4	96.4	94.8	94.8	94.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.7	96.5	94.9	94.8	94.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	94.8
Any Terrestrial	96.7	96.5	94.9	94.8	94.8
Cable	92.2	92.2	92.2	92.2	92.2
Cable/Fiber	94.8	94.8	94.8	94.8	94.8
Copper	95.6	95.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	25.1	25.1	25.1	25.1	25.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	1.7	1.5	1.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	2.5	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	97.2	97.0	95.9	95.9	95.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.9	97.2	96.1	95.9	95.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	95.9
Any Terrestrial	97.9	97.2	96.1	95.9	95.9
Cable	92.6	92.6	92.6	92.6	92.6
Cable/Fiber	95.9	95.9	95.9	95.9	95.9
Copper	95.9	95.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.5	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	2.2	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	97.4	97.2	96.0	96.0	96.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.9	97.2	96.0	96.0	96.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.0
Any Terrestrial	97.9	97.2	96.0	96.0	96.0
Cable	90.7	90.7	90.7	90.7	90.7
Cable/Fiber	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	96.0
Copper	95.9	95.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	40.7	40.7	40.7	40.7	40.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.2	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	3.3	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	93.0	93.0	91.8	91.8	91.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	93.2	92.0	91.8	91.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	94.7	93.2	92.0	91.8	91.8
Cable	89.2	89.2	89.2	89.2	89.2
Cable/Fiber	91.8	91.8	91.8	91.8	91.8
Copper	64.1	64.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	37.9	37.9	37.9	37.9	37.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	3.3	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.