Hawaii / AIANNHCE 5179 / Native Hawaiian area

Papakolea

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

100.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

6Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Papakolea within Hawaii, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Papakolea is a tribal area in Hawaii associated with this native hawaiian homeland community, and it . The latest FCC BDC filing shows 6 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 268 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 100.0% at 100/20, and 99.2% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Papakolea is a Hawaiian entity in Hawaii with Hawaiian home lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: No website

No website

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	1,407	1,184	1,279	1,284	1,292	1,313
Households	306	273	314	328	330	327
Median age	37.9	37.8	39.9	40.0	38.5	36.7
Male / Female	50.0% / 50.0%	48.9% / 51.1%	50.2% / 49.8%	50.5% / 49.5%	50.0% / 50.0%	50.1% / 49.9%
Avg. household size	4.60	4.34	4.07	3.91	3.92	4.02
Pop. density (per sq mi)	7288.3	6133.1	6625.2	6651.1	6692.6	6801.4
HH density (per sq mi)	1585.1	1414.1	1626.5	1699.0	1709.4	1693.9

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$105,000	$109,688	$103,500	$108,750	$118,214	$130,625
Per capita income	$27,256	$30,249	$31,537	$34,815	$35,332	$35,232
Poverty rate	2.6%	4.0%	4.3%	5.3%	7.3%	8.3%
Unemployment rate	7.7%	6.9%	6.8%	6.0%	6.5%	4.8%
HS diploma or higher	75.0%	73.5%	71.9%	72.1%	74.1%	73.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher	18.6%	23.3%	22.3%	21.7%	18.5%	20.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	83.9 Mbps	40.1 Mbps
2019Q2	85.0 Mbps	33.8 Mbps
2019Q3	156.3 Mbps	53.8 Mbps
2019Q4	159.3 Mbps	45.5 Mbps
2020Q1	111.4 Mbps	41.2 Mbps
2020Q2	154.1 Mbps	68.4 Mbps
2020Q3	147.4 Mbps	60.9 Mbps
2020Q4	163.3 Mbps	64.3 Mbps
2021Q1	180.8 Mbps	63.4 Mbps
2021Q2	209.6 Mbps	64.8 Mbps
2021Q3	190.3 Mbps	61.9 Mbps
2021Q4	200.4 Mbps	71.7 Mbps
2022Q1	207.4 Mbps	79.8 Mbps
2022Q2	195.6 Mbps	87.6 Mbps
2022Q3	269.7 Mbps	67.8 Mbps
2022Q4	215.9 Mbps	70.2 Mbps
2023Q1	253.5 Mbps	69.3 Mbps
2023Q2	268.3 Mbps	75.8 Mbps
2023Q3	294.5 Mbps	122.1 Mbps
2023Q4	255.8 Mbps	92.4 Mbps
2024Q1	305.4 Mbps	82.3 Mbps
2024Q2	359.4 Mbps	117.0 Mbps
2024Q3	300.7 Mbps	82.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
2022	100.0%	100.0%	97.3%
2023	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2024	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	68.4%	55.6%
2018	71.2%	71.4%
2019	74.2%	72.2%
2020	75.1%	61.9%
2021	73.9%	78.9%
2022	77.7%	69.0%
2023	72.7%	81.8%
2024	73.4%	74.4%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%	85%
Adoption	73.4%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	6
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	268

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Cincinnati Bell Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.3%
Fiber	99.3%	99.3%	99.3%	99.3%
Cable	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	99.6%	92.9%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.316

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	22.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.6	97.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.6	97.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.6	97.4
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.6	97.4
Cable	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.6	97.4
Copper	4.4	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	97.4	97.4	97.4	97.4	97.4	97.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	22.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	98.5	98.5	98.5	22.3	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	3.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	97.4	97.4	97.4	97.4	97.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.5	98.5	98.5	22.3	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	99.2	99.2	99.2	21.6	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	97.7	97.7	97.7	97.7	97.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.2	99.2	99.2	21.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	98.9	98.9	98.9	68.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.9	98.9	98.9	68.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	99.6	62.9	62.9	55.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Copper	2.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.6	62.9	62.9	55.7	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	99.6	99.6	99.6	92.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.3
Copper	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.6	99.6	99.6	92.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.