Hawaii / AIANNHCE 5111 / Native Hawaiian area

Kekaha

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

100.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

6Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Kekaha within Hawaii, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In Hawaii, Kekaha serves as the core tribal area for this native hawaiian homeland community. FCC BDC records show 6 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 121 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 100.0% at 100/20, and 98.3% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Located in Hawaii, Kekaha is a Hawaiian entity with Hawaiian home lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: No website

No website

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	531	492	496	486	562	541
Households	148	125	110	108	111	111
Median age	38.8	34.2	29.7	34.3	38.0	36.6
Male / Female	50.5% / 49.5%	49.6% / 50.4%	50.2% / 49.8%	53.3% / 46.7%	53.4% / 46.6%	51.0% / 49.0%
Avg. household size	3.59	3.94	4.51	4.50	5.06	4.87
Pop. density (per sq mi)	6241.6	5783.2	5830.2	5712.6	6606.0	6359.1
HH density (per sq mi)	1739.7	1469.3	1293.0	1269.5	1304.7	1304.7

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$80,000	$83,438	$88,750	$93,750	$113,750	$101,875
Per capita income	$27,232	$24,705	$22,166	$28,415	$32,816	$34,168
Poverty rate	15.6%	8.9%	5.8%	3.9%	1.1%	3.9%
Unemployment rate	4.6%	2.6%	2.7%	2.9%	2.2%	2.8%
HS diploma or higher	71.4%	72.5%	66.3%	68.6%	66.1%	74.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	16.8%	13.9%	11.6%	11.4%	7.5%	12.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	111.0 Mbps	13.2 Mbps
2019Q2	95.4 Mbps	11.5 Mbps
2019Q3	119.7 Mbps	12.9 Mbps
2019Q4	112.1 Mbps	16.7 Mbps
2020Q1	93.6 Mbps	11.7 Mbps
2020Q2	66.2 Mbps	9.3 Mbps
2020Q3	117.0 Mbps	13.2 Mbps
2020Q4	98.5 Mbps	16.4 Mbps
2021Q1	75.0 Mbps	7.5 Mbps
2021Q2	130.5 Mbps	9.6 Mbps
2021Q3	123.9 Mbps	8.9 Mbps
2021Q4	93.4 Mbps	9.0 Mbps
2022Q1	139.1 Mbps	10.2 Mbps
2022Q2	232.6 Mbps	19.9 Mbps
2022Q3	139.2 Mbps	10.1 Mbps
2022Q4	268.0 Mbps	12.8 Mbps
2023Q1	259.8 Mbps	18.2 Mbps
2023Q2	251.8 Mbps	16.6 Mbps
2023Q3	234.3 Mbps	14.4 Mbps
2023Q4	217.3 Mbps	11.7 Mbps
2024Q1	294.1 Mbps	13.4 Mbps
2024Q2	186.4 Mbps	12.2 Mbps
2024Q3	283.6 Mbps	147.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2017	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2018	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2019	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2020	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2022	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2023	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2024	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	61.1%	8.7%
2018	58.6%	10.0%
2019	59.5%	12.5%
2020	55.2%	11.1%
2021	65.5%	50.0%
2022	83.3%	100.0%
2023	85.6%	100.0%
2024	83.8%	100.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%	85%
Adoption	83.8%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	6
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	121

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Cincinnati Bell Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.2%
Fiber	99.2%	99.2%	99.2%	99.2%
Cable	99.2%	99.2%	99.2%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	94.2%	46.3%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.316

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	97.7	86.9	86.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
Any Terrestrial	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Cable	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Cable/Fiber	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Copper	53.1	53.1	11.5	0.0	0.0
Fiber	10.8	10.8	2.3	1.5	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.7	86.9	86.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	97.2	94.3	94.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.6
Any Terrestrial	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6
Cable	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6
Cable/Fiber	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6	98.6
Copper	54.6	53.9	12.8	0.0	0.0
Fiber	8.5	8.5	2.1	1.4	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.2	94.3	94.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.3	94.3	94.3	42.6	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	99.2	99.2	99.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2	99.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2	99.2
Cable	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Cable/Fiber	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Copper	59.0	59.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	9.0	9.0	3.3	1.6	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.3	94.3	94.3	42.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.3	94.3	94.3	42.6	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	4.9	4.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	98.4	98.4	98.4	98.4	98.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.3	94.3	94.3	42.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	94.3	94.3	94.3	46.7	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.4
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.4
Cable	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.4
Copper	2.5	2.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	98.4	98.4	98.4	98.4	98.4	98.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.3	94.3	94.3	46.7	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	94.2	94.2	94.2	46.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
Cable	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
Copper	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.2	94.2	94.2	46.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.