Hawaii / AIANNHCE 5101 / Native Hawaiian area

Kealakehe

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

100.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

6Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Kealakehe within Hawaii, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Native Hawaiian homeland community in Hawaii, centered on Kealakehe, . FCC BDC records show 6 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 404 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 100.0% at 100/20, and 99.1% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In Hawaii, Kealakehe has Hawaiian home lands managed by a Hawaiian entity. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: No website

No website

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	1,173	1,262	1,297	1,533	1,532	1,865
Households	352	389	367	444	422	539
Median age	44.8	45.9	45.9	44.5	43.5	43.4
Male / Female	45.7% / 54.3%	42.6% / 57.4%	45.0% / 55.0%	45.1% / 54.9%	45.6% / 54.4%	43.2% / 56.8%
Avg. household size	3.33	3.24	3.53	3.45	3.63	3.46
Pop. density (per sq mi)	1053.4	1133.3	1164.8	1376.7	1375.8	1674.9
HH density (per sq mi)	316.1	349.3	329.6	398.7	379.0	484.1

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$70,625	$72,188	$72,917	$78,542	$95,313	$92,117
Per capita income	$24,638	$28,786	$32,210	$33,561	$38,480	$38,693
Poverty rate	9.2%	9.2%	7.6%	6.7%	6.7%	8.8%
Unemployment rate	1.8%	4.6%	4.3%	3.6%	4.3%	4.1%
HS diploma or higher	69.4%	72.7%	68.6%	72.1%	74.0%	73.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	15.2%	11.8%	10.4%	11.8%	11.7%	15.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	63.7 Mbps	9.0 Mbps
2019Q2	56.7 Mbps	6.4 Mbps
2019Q3	43.3 Mbps	5.5 Mbps
2019Q4	70.3 Mbps	7.7 Mbps
2020Q1	62.6 Mbps	8.9 Mbps
2020Q2	76.9 Mbps	7.7 Mbps
2020Q3	80.2 Mbps	9.2 Mbps
2020Q4	153.3 Mbps	12.4 Mbps
2021Q1	68.2 Mbps	6.3 Mbps
2021Q2	141.8 Mbps	13.2 Mbps
2021Q3	82.1 Mbps	14.1 Mbps
2021Q4	117.0 Mbps	13.6 Mbps
2022Q1	158.9 Mbps	15.7 Mbps
2022Q2	251.4 Mbps	15.4 Mbps
2022Q3	272.7 Mbps	30.3 Mbps
2022Q4	294.5 Mbps	20.3 Mbps
2023Q1	238.2 Mbps	18.0 Mbps
2023Q2	294.6 Mbps	25.7 Mbps
2023Q3	148.4 Mbps	22.9 Mbps
2023Q4	207.7 Mbps	15.9 Mbps
2024Q1	317.8 Mbps	33.9 Mbps
2024Q2	318.7 Mbps	28.9 Mbps
2024Q3	316.2 Mbps	41.0 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	92.5%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	92.5%	92.5%	2.5%
2017	92.5%	92.5%	2.5%
2018	92.5%	92.5%	2.5%
2019	100.0%	100.0%	32.5%
2020	100.0%	100.0%	32.5%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2022	99.7%	99.7%	0.0%
2023	99.7%	99.7%	0.0%
2024	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	75.1%	79.4%
2018	67.7%	73.2%
2019	71.3%	87.5%
2020	70.2%	83.6%
2021	70.3%	89.7%
2022	66.4%	81.1%
2023	74.9%	64.3%
2024	79.2%	66.7%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%	85%
Adoption	79.2%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	6
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	404

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Charter Communications	AT&T Inc.
Cincinnati Bell Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	98.3%
Fiber	98.3%	98.3%	98.3%	98.3%
Cable	99.0%	99.0%	99.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	97.8%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	2.528

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	98.7	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.7	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.5
Any Terrestrial	99.7	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5
Cable	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5
Cable/Fiber	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5
Copper	18.6	14.7	1.3	0.0	0.0
Fiber	9.0	5.9	1.6	0.5	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.7	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	97.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	99.6	99.6	99.6	99.4	99.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.8	99.6	99.6	99.4	99.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.4
Any Terrestrial	99.8	99.6	99.6	99.4	99.4
Cable	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4
Cable/Fiber	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4
Copper	15.0	12.1	0.6	0.0	0.0
Fiber	8.2	6.2	3.7	1.4	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	97.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	98.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	99.4	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.7	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.2
Any Terrestrial	99.7	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Cable	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Cable/Fiber	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2	99.2
Copper	15.3	11.9	0.3	0.0	0.0
Fiber	6.8	5.1	3.4	1.1	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	98.9	47.3	47.3	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	99.7	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.4
Any Terrestrial	100.0	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4
Cable	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4
Cable/Fiber	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4	99.4
Copper	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.9	47.3	47.3	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	99.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.5	99.3
Any Terrestrial	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.3
Cable	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.3
Copper	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	99.0	97.8	97.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	98.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	98.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	98.3
Any Terrestrial	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	98.3
Cable	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	99.5	98.3
Copper	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3	98.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.0	97.8	97.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.