Hawaii / AIANNHCE 5053 / Native Hawaiian area

Kalawahine

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

100.0%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

7Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Kalawahine within Hawaii, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

In Hawaii, this native hawaiian homeland community uses Kalawahine as its main tribal area, and it . FCC BDC records show 7 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers serving roughly 90 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 100.0% at 100/20, and 1.1% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

A Hawaiian entity in Hawaii, Kalawahine is organized around Hawaiian home lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: No website

No website

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	375	353	330	356	328	344
Households	93	97	95	102	98	107
Median age	41.1	41.5	43.9	41.4	45.2	45.3
Male / Female	52.3% / 47.7%	52.4% / 47.6%	51.2% / 48.8%	51.4% / 48.6%	52.4% / 47.6%	48.5% / 51.5%
Avg. household size	4.03	3.64	3.47	3.49	3.35	3.21
Pop. density (per sq mi)	5070.8	4773.3	4462.3	4813.9	4435.2	4651.6
HH density (per sq mi)	1257.5	1311.6	1284.6	1379.3	1325.2	1446.9

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$122,813	$108,750	$112,188	$124,000	$130,500	$148,750
Per capita income	$37,256	$34,602	$36,879	$39,665	$44,778	$47,582
Poverty rate	3.2%	3.2%	6.2%	9.1%	5.6%	4.7%
Unemployment rate	1.4%	1.4%	2.1%	2.5%	3.3%	3.7%
HS diploma or higher	73.5%	72.1%	72.8%	73.9%	71.0%	74.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	28.8%	29.9%	34.9%	32.6%	32.9%	32.2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	59.7 Mbps	60.3 Mbps
2019Q2	66.6 Mbps	38.8 Mbps
2019Q3	150.1 Mbps	48.3 Mbps
2019Q4	191.7 Mbps	36.0 Mbps
2020Q1	138.7 Mbps	39.3 Mbps
2020Q2	157.1 Mbps	59.2 Mbps
2020Q3	145.7 Mbps	49.1 Mbps
2020Q4	143.4 Mbps	58.3 Mbps
2021Q1	178.5 Mbps	55.4 Mbps
2021Q2	210.9 Mbps	63.3 Mbps
2021Q3	179.6 Mbps	56.3 Mbps
2021Q4	245.3 Mbps	64.3 Mbps
2022Q1	218.4 Mbps	40.1 Mbps
2022Q2	139.9 Mbps	52.2 Mbps
2022Q3	159.8 Mbps	29.9 Mbps
2022Q4	190.8 Mbps	59.5 Mbps
2023Q1	275.9 Mbps	80.4 Mbps
2023Q2	261.4 Mbps	71.0 Mbps
2023Q3	290.4 Mbps	120.2 Mbps
2023Q4	198.6 Mbps	61.7 Mbps
2024Q1	282.0 Mbps	64.8 Mbps
2024Q2	304.3 Mbps	85.1 Mbps
2024Q3	311.8 Mbps	107.7 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
2022	100.0%	100.0%	1.1%
2023	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2024	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	91.1%	100.0%
2018	91.1%	33.3%
2019	89.2%	50.0%
2020	91.8%	33.3%
2021	89.5%	66.7%
2022	79.4%	71.4%
2023	79.6%	100.0%
2024	84.1%	100.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	100.0%	85%
Adoption	84.1%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	7
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	90

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Cincinnati Bell Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	96.7%
Fiber	96.7%	96.7%	96.7%	96.7%
Cable	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	91.1%	24.4%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.211

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.0	0.9
Any Terrestrial	100.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.9
Cable	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.9
Copper	18.1	12.4	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	99.0	99.0	99.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	93.6	93.6	93.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	21.3	7.5	1.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	93.6	93.6	93.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	93.3	26.7	26.7	1.1	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	13.3	6.7	1.1	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	93.3	26.7	26.7	1.1	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.6	66.3	66.3	13.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Copper	15.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.6	66.3	66.3	13.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	94.6	10.9	10.9	2.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	1.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	1.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	1.1
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	1.1
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	1.1
Copper	15.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.6	10.9	10.9	2.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	98.9	91.1	91.1	24.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7
Any Terrestrial	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7
Cable	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	96.7
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	96.7	96.7	96.7	96.7	96.7	96.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.9	91.1	91.1	24.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.