Hawaii / AIANNHCE 5033 / Native Hawaiian area

Hoolehua-Palaau

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

84.4%25/3 availability

82.1%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

5Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Hoolehua-Palaau within Hawaii, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Native Hawaiian homeland community in Hawaii, centered on Hoolehua-Palaau, . FCC BDC records show 5 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 397 service locations, with current availability of 84.4% at 25/3 Mbps, and 82.1% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

In Hawaii, Hoolehua-Palaau has Hawaiian home lands managed by a Hawaiian entity. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: No website

No website

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	1,190	1,321	1,330	1,436	1,576	1,670
Households	330	369	388	410	436	453
Median age	35.9	36.6	40.3	38.9	38.9	39.2
Male / Female	53.0% / 47.0%	56.2% / 43.8%	53.2% / 46.8%	51.3% / 48.7%	50.1% / 49.9%	50.7% / 49.3%
Avg. household size	3.61	3.58	3.43	3.50	3.60	3.67
Pop. density (per sq mi)	55.1	61.1	61.5	66.5	72.9	77.3
HH density (per sq mi)	15.3	17.1	18.0	19.0	20.2	21.0

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$42,857	$37,135	$40,000	$46,111	$54,500	$59,375
Per capita income	$17,123	$16,617	$18,924	$23,250	$24,269	$24,719
Poverty rate	21.8%	35.0%	26.8%	21.1%	19.7%	19.8%
Unemployment rate	5.4%	3.6%	3.1%	2.8%	4.1%	4.6%
HS diploma or higher	74.4%	69.7%	69.8%	69.5%	69.3%	67.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher	13.7%	12.2%	13.3%	16.0%	15.9%	15.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	10.0 Mbps	2.4 Mbps
2019Q2	15.3 Mbps	2.8 Mbps
2019Q3	35.1 Mbps	3.6 Mbps
2019Q4	10.6 Mbps	2.3 Mbps
2020Q1	42.8 Mbps	5.4 Mbps
2020Q2	93.6 Mbps	9.8 Mbps
2020Q3	75.4 Mbps	10.1 Mbps
2020Q4	44.5 Mbps	7.7 Mbps
2021Q1	61.4 Mbps	17.0 Mbps
2021Q2	110.4 Mbps	16.4 Mbps
2021Q3	165.8 Mbps	13.7 Mbps
2021Q4	114.3 Mbps	7.7 Mbps
2022Q1	122.3 Mbps	7.7 Mbps
2022Q2	62.4 Mbps	49.6 Mbps
2022Q3	49.9 Mbps	5.3 Mbps
2022Q4	30.2 Mbps	6.2 Mbps
2023Q1	19.7 Mbps	9.2 Mbps
2023Q2	171.9 Mbps	108.5 Mbps
2023Q3	128.1 Mbps	100.0 Mbps
2023Q4	62.3 Mbps	48.6 Mbps
2024Q1	124.8 Mbps	94.3 Mbps
2024Q2	260.4 Mbps	191.1 Mbps
2024Q3	234.4 Mbps	195.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	9.2%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	9.2%	9.2%	0.0%
2017	43.9%	43.9%	34.7%
2018	43.9%	43.9%	34.7%
2019	45.9%	45.9%	34.7%
2020	45.9%	45.9%	37.8%
2021	93.6%	93.6%	11.9%
2022	46.9%	41.3%	0.5%
2023	73.8%	73.5%	0.0%
2024	84.4%	82.1%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	63.2%	48.6%
2018	61.0%	54.9%
2019	64.5%	67.1%
2020	58.8%	52.5%
2021	62.1%	60.6%
2022	58.3%	56.7%
2023	55.5%	51.4%
2024	56.5%	49.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	84.4%
100/20 Mbps	82.1%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	84.4%	92%
100/20 Mbps	82.1%	85%
Adoption	56.5%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	5
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	397

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Charter Communications	AT&T Inc.
Cincinnati Bell Inc.	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
Viasat, Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	51.9%
Fiber	71.0%	71.0%	71.0%	51.9%
Cable	41.6%	41.6%	41.6%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	14.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	99.8%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	93.5%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	91.5%
Total area (sq mi)	48.453

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	87.1	5.5	5.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	51.9	48.1	38.2	38.2	38.2	0.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	90.1	51.7	42.8	38.2	38.2	0.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	38.2	0.4
Any Terrestrial	90.1	51.7	42.8	38.2	38.2	0.4
Cable	38.2	38.2	38.2	38.2	38.2	0.0
Cable/Fiber	38.2	38.2	38.2	38.2	38.2	0.4
Copper	19.0	14.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	87.1	5.5	5.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	66.5	10.1	10.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	71.0	68.2	64.5	64.5	64.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	82.2	70.8	68.0	64.5	64.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	64.5
Any Terrestrial	82.2	70.8	68.0	64.5	64.5
Cable	60.2	60.2	60.2	60.2	60.2
Cable/Fiber	64.5	64.5	64.5	64.5	64.5
Copper	19.5	13.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	34.7	34.7	34.7	34.7	34.7
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	66.5	10.1	10.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	66.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	75.9	74.6	72.9	72.9	72.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	83.3	74.6	72.9	72.9	72.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	72.9
Any Terrestrial	83.3	74.6	72.9	72.9	72.9
Cable	47.0	47.0	47.0	47.0	47.0
Cable/Fiber	72.9	72.9	72.9	72.9	72.9
Copper	32.1	8.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	61.2	61.2	61.2	61.2	61.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	66.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	82.3	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	82.3	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	82.1
Any Terrestrial	82.3	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1
Cable	51.3	51.3	51.3	51.3	51.3
Cable/Fiber	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1	82.1
Copper	30.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0	72.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	22.2	14.4	14.4	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	81.9	81.9	81.9	81.9	81.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.4	84.1	84.1	81.9	81.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	81.9
Any Terrestrial	84.4	84.1	84.1	81.9	81.9
Cable	43.3	43.3	43.3	43.3	43.3
Cable/Fiber	81.9	81.9	81.9	81.9	81.9
Copper	32.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	74.6	74.6	74.6	74.6	74.6
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	22.2	14.4	14.4	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	23.9	14.1	14.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	79.6	79.3	79.3	79.3	79.3	51.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	84.6	83.4	83.4	79.3	79.3	51.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	51.9
Any Terrestrial	84.6	83.4	83.4	79.3	79.3	51.9
Cable	41.6	41.6	41.6	41.6	41.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	79.3	79.3	79.3	79.3	79.3	51.9
Copper	28.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	71.0	71.0	71.0	71.0	71.0	51.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	23.9	14.1	14.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.