California / AIANNHCE 4255 / Federally-recognized area

Torres-Martinez

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

58.3%25/3 availability

12.9%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

11Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Torres-Martinez within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Federally recognized tribe in California, centered on Torres-Martinez Reservation, spans about 34 square miles of land plus roughly 15.9 square miles of water. FCC BDC records show 11 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 3 service locations, with current availability of 58.3% at 25/3 Mbps, 12.9% at 100/20, and 6.6% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

In California, Torres-Martinez has tribal lands managed by a federally recognized tribe. A Desert Cahuilla tribe in California, historically adaptation to harsh desert conditions.

Website Summary: torresmartinez.org

Tribal Administration and TM TANF Office hours are Monday - Thursday 7 am - 5 pm. Torres Martinez Vision Statement Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians’ vision is to create opportunities in education, economic development, social services and other aspects of life for its tribal members and employees to become productive citizens and neighbors, thus creating a more harmonious community.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	2,188	1,945	2,202	2,859	3,288	3,045
Households	742	849	972	1,052	1,001	932
Median age	30.8	36.2	38.2	34.1	29.7	29.9
Male / Female	45.3% / 54.7%	51.5% / 48.5%	55.8% / 44.2%	54.1% / 45.9%	54.7% / 45.3%	54.4% / 45.6%
Avg. household size	2.95	2.29	2.27	2.70	3.24	3.20
Pop. density (per sq mi)	64.4	57.2	64.8	84.1	96.8	89.6
HH density (per sq mi)	21.8	25.0	28.6	31.0	29.5	27.4

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$14,902	$14,871	$17,179	$23,220	$31,681	$33,092
Per capita income	$8,793	$9,686	$11,627	$12,971	$13,813	$14,547
Poverty rate	52.1%	50.3%	46.7%	42.6%	38.7%	37.5%
Unemployment rate	17.5%	28.5%	24.3%	19.1%	14.4%	15.3%
HS diploma or higher	18.8%	14.1%	12.3%	15.6%	17.9%	18.9%
Bachelor's degree or higher	0.7%	0.9%	1.5%	2.1%	2.3%	2.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	11.7 Mbps	6.1 Mbps
2019Q2	12.7 Mbps	5.7 Mbps
2019Q3	21.7 Mbps	7.4 Mbps
2019Q4	11.4 Mbps	4.8 Mbps
2020Q1	10.2 Mbps	2.9 Mbps
2020Q2	19.2 Mbps	2.7 Mbps
2020Q3	19.7 Mbps	2.4 Mbps
2020Q4	23.8 Mbps	2.8 Mbps
2021Q1	28.9 Mbps	2.8 Mbps
2021Q2	27.0 Mbps	4.9 Mbps
2021Q3	25.8 Mbps	7.6 Mbps
2021Q4	64.3 Mbps	32.7 Mbps
2022Q1	72.2 Mbps	29.3 Mbps
2022Q2	96.4 Mbps	42.0 Mbps
2022Q3	42.1 Mbps	17.9 Mbps
2022Q4	71.3 Mbps	29.2 Mbps
2023Q1	49.8 Mbps	25.1 Mbps
2023Q2	77.2 Mbps	56.3 Mbps
2023Q3	32.9 Mbps	6.3 Mbps
2023Q4	59.7 Mbps	28.6 Mbps
2024Q1	88.8 Mbps	31.5 Mbps
2024Q2	81.8 Mbps	32.0 Mbps
2024Q3	49.5 Mbps	20.3 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	72.7%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	64.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	94.2%	9.4%	0.0%
2021	84.4%	70.8%	3.3%
2022	12.3%	8.7%	7.5%
2023	40.1%	13.6%	7.1%
2024	58.3%	12.9%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	9.6%	19.1%
2018	7.9%	33.6%
2019	7.3%	37.8%
2020	6.5%	64.3%
2021	8.6%	71.6%
2022	10.7%	81.6%
2023	13.7%	81.8%
2024	14.2%	85.5%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	58.3%
100/20 Mbps	12.9%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	58.3%	92%
100/20 Mbps	12.9%	85%
Adoption	14.2%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	11
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	3

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Frontier Communications Corporation	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Dish Network Corporation
U.S. TelePacific Holdings Corp.	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Zito West Holding, LLC	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
California Internet	—
Pacific Lightwave Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.632

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	65.7	4.4	4.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	18.8	18.8	8.3	6.5	5.3	4.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	74.0	19.5	9.5	6.5	5.3	4.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	6.5	5.3	4.9
Any Terrestrial	75.7	22.2	12.1	6.5	5.3	4.9
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	4.9
Copper	13.8	13.8	3.3	1.2	0.0	0.0
Fiber	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	4.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	63.8	1.5	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	3.0	3.0	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	10.0	4.9	4.4	2.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	17.7	17.7	8.2	4.5	4.5	4.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	21.7	17.9	9.9	6.6	4.5	4.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	4.5	4.5
Any Terrestrial	23.9	20.3	12.0	6.6	4.5	4.5
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
Copper	13.2	13.2	3.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	7.6	2.3	2.3	2.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	2.7	2.7	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	11.0	7.7	7.7	5.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	16.6	16.6	8.3	5.2	5.2	5.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	21.0	19.3	14.0	11.0	5.2	5.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	5.2	5.2
Any Terrestrial	21.6	19.9	14.6	11.0	5.2	5.2
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
Copper	11.4	11.4	3.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	10.4	7.1	7.1	5.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	18.4	10.7	10.7	9.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	16.2	16.2	8.1	4.9	4.9	4.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	22.1	20.8	16.2	14.0	4.9	4.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	4.9	4.9
Any Terrestrial	22.4	21.0	16.4	14.0	4.9	4.9
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
Copper	11.3	11.3	3.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	18.2	10.4	10.4	9.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	9.8	8.5	8.5	6.6	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	15.8	15.8	9.4	4.9	4.9	4.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	19.4	19.1	15.8	11.5	4.9	4.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	4.9	4.9
Any Terrestrial	19.6	19.3	16.0	11.5	4.9	4.9
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
Copper	10.9	10.9	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	9.5	8.2	8.2	6.6	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	21.0	20.1	20.1	13.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	17.5	17.5	11.1	6.3	6.3	6.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	25.8	25.7	22.3	19.5	6.3	6.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	6.3
Any Terrestrial	25.9	25.8	22.4	19.5	6.3	6.3
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3
Copper	11.2	11.2	4.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	20.9	20.0	20.0	13.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.