California / AIANNHCE 3870 / Federally-recognized area

Soboba

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

17.4%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

10Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Soboba within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Soboba Reservation is a reservation in California associated with this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 10.0 square miles. The latest FCC BDC filing shows 10 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 3 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 17.4% at 100/20, and 16.4% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Soboba is a federally recognized tribe in California with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.soboba-nsn.gov

Today, the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians is a federally-recognized tribal government that exercises our right to self-governance and self-determination. This is seen through our Tribal Administration such as the Soboba Fire Department, Public Works, Cultural Programs and many others. The Soboba Indian Reservation, home to both Luiseño and Cahuilla people, is nestled in the foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains near the city of San Jacinto, CA. Diversification within our many business enterprises have allowed us to support the well-being of our Tribal Members by providing a wide range of services through tribal government programs. We welcome you to learn more about the people of Soboba – both our rich history and current progress – and see how we have supported not only our Tribe, but our surrounding communities as well.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	379	293	236	177	132	204
Households	129	100	76	48	43	54
Median age	32.4	32.2	36.3	25.3	32.5	33.5
Male / Female	42.7% / 57.3%	44.7% / 55.3%	45.8% / 54.2%	44.1% / 55.9%	39.4% / 60.6%	48.0% / 52.0%
Avg. household size	2.94	2.93	3.11	3.69	3.07	3.78
Pop. density (per sq mi)	38.1	29.4	23.7	17.8	13.3	20.5
HH density (per sq mi)	13.0	10.0	7.6	4.8	4.3	5.4

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$84,375	$90,000	$108,750	$125,000	$96,250	$114,500
Per capita income	$31,321	$35,848	$36,887	$33,351	$34,249	$39,623
Poverty rate	32.2%	23.5%	16.5%	31.6%	32.6%	25.5%
Unemployment rate	7.8%	11.1%	12.2%	13.5%	4.5%	4.1%
HS diploma or higher	44.5%	43.5%	43.4%	47.8%	51.2%	47.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher	4.6%	4.8%	8.8%	8.9%	8.1%	7.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	96.6 Mbps	65.8 Mbps
2019Q2	79.3 Mbps	30.1 Mbps
2019Q3	122.5 Mbps	50.2 Mbps
2019Q4	107.6 Mbps	61.6 Mbps
2020Q1	111.2 Mbps	60.6 Mbps
2020Q2	101.4 Mbps	72.6 Mbps
2020Q3	160.3 Mbps	92.5 Mbps
2020Q4	132.0 Mbps	79.3 Mbps
2021Q1	180.1 Mbps	118.3 Mbps
2021Q2	157.7 Mbps	94.2 Mbps
2021Q3	152.8 Mbps	80.6 Mbps
2021Q4	159.0 Mbps	96.3 Mbps
2022Q1	130.3 Mbps	90.3 Mbps
2022Q2	147.4 Mbps	104.0 Mbps
2022Q3	151.5 Mbps	101.6 Mbps
2022Q4	192.1 Mbps	114.0 Mbps
2023Q1	92.2 Mbps	103.9 Mbps
2023Q2	113.7 Mbps	131.1 Mbps
2023Q3	196.2 Mbps	137.4 Mbps
2023Q4	239.6 Mbps	225.3 Mbps
2024Q1	184.9 Mbps	174.6 Mbps
2024Q2	211.2 Mbps	137.5 Mbps
2024Q3	149.0 Mbps	118.6 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	28.0%	28.0%	0.0%
2016	28.0%	28.0%	0.0%
2017	28.0%	28.0%	0.0%
2018	97.2%	96.9%	0.0%
2019	96.9%	96.9%	0.0%
2020	96.9%	96.9%	3.8%
2021	94.2%	94.2%	94.2%
2022	17.1%	17.1%	15.6%
2023	45.6%	19.4%	18.1%
2024	100.0%	17.4%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	51.7%	18.0%
2018	56.3%	46.2%
2019	51.9%	41.9%
2020	59.0%	35.3%
2021	67.1%	60.0%
2022	66.7%	44.4%
2023	55.8%	58.3%
2024	64.8%	60.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	17.4%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	17.4%	85%
Adoption	64.8%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	10
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	3

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Frontier Communications Corporation	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Dish Network Corporation
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
California Internet	—
Southern California Telephone Company Inc.	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—
Charter Communications	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	33.3%	33.3%	33.3%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	68.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	64.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	54.0%
Total area (sq mi)	5.267

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.2	15.2	15.2	15.2	11.8	11.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	15.2	11.8	11.8
Any Terrestrial	15.2	15.2	15.2	15.2	11.8	11.8
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.3
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.3
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	14.9	14.3
Any Terrestrial	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.3
Cable	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.9	14.3
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3	14.3
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	6.9	6.9	6.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	13.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	16.3	16.3	16.3	14.4	14.4	13.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	14.4	13.8
Any Terrestrial	16.3	16.3	16.3	14.4	14.4	13.8
Cable	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0
Cable/Fiber	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	13.8
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	13.8	13.8	13.8	13.8	13.8	13.8
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	6.9	6.9	6.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	6.5	6.5	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	14.4	14.4	14.4	12.9	12.9	12.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	12.9	12.4
Any Terrestrial	14.4	14.4	14.4	12.9	12.9	12.4
Cable	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.4
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	6.5	6.5	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	86.6	86.6	86.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	14.4	14.4	14.4	12.9	12.9	12.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	12.9	12.4
Any Terrestrial	88.1	88.1	88.1	12.9	12.9	12.4
Cable	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.9	12.4
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	6.5	6.5	6.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	85.6	85.6	85.6	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	86.0	86.0	86.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	14.5	14.5	14.5	13.5	13.5	13.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	13.0
Any Terrestrial	88.5	88.5	88.5	13.5	13.5	13.0
Cable	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
Cable/Fiber	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	13.0	13.0	13.0	13.0	13.0	13.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	4.0	4.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	85.5	85.5	85.5	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.