California / AIANNHCE 3445 / Federally-recognized area

San Manuel

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

71.2%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of San Manuel within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

San Manuel Reservation in California is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 1.7 square miles. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 171 service locations, and current service levels of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, 71.2% at 100/20, and 27.3% at 1000/100.

Tribal Area Description

Tribal lands in California are associated with San Manuel, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: www.sanmanuel-nsn.gov

Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation describes itself as the People of the Pines, a federally recognized Serrano tribal nation rooted in the highlands, valleys, and mountains of what is now Southern California. The site highlights the Tribe's history, cultural resilience, and sovereignty, including the growth of the reservation from roughly 640 acres to more than 1,100 acres. It explains that the Tribal Government works to improve quality of life through infrastructure, civil services, and social, economic, and cultural development. The website also presents the Nation as a sovereign government guided by heritage, unity, education, and spiritual values.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	57	55	64	46	75	92
Households	15	17	18	13	15	20
Median age	34.8	48.1	48.2	32.5	32.1	30.5
Male / Female	42.1% / 57.9%	49.1% / 50.9%	60.9% / 39.1%	56.5% / 43.5%	54.7% / 45.3%	48.9% / 51.1%
Avg. household size	3.80	3.24	3.56	3.54	5.00	4.60
Pop. density (per sq mi)	32.7	31.6	36.8	26.4	43.1	52.8
HH density (per sq mi)	8.6	9.8	10.3	7.5	8.6	11.5

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	—	—	—	—	$205,417	$201,250
Per capita income	$167,419	$327,647	$450,533	$403,504	$280,559	$194,383
Poverty rate	52.6%	34.5%	32.8%	32.6%	21.3%	10.9%
Unemployment rate	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
HS diploma or higher	50.0%	66.7%	58.8%	60.6%	64.7%	57.1%
Bachelor's degree or higher	15.6%	16.7%	5.9%	15.2%	15.7%	12.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	86.8 Mbps	17.1 Mbps
2019Q2	84.4 Mbps	18.2 Mbps
2019Q3	135.7 Mbps	14.9 Mbps
2019Q4	143.5 Mbps	31.6 Mbps
2020Q1	121.2 Mbps	41.8 Mbps
2020Q2	157.3 Mbps	31.4 Mbps
2020Q3	158.5 Mbps	30.6 Mbps
2020Q4	135.3 Mbps	13.3 Mbps
2021Q1	174.8 Mbps	22.3 Mbps
2021Q2	217.9 Mbps	42.9 Mbps
2021Q3	179.3 Mbps	132.7 Mbps
2021Q4	152.6 Mbps	97.7 Mbps
2022Q1	142.8 Mbps	82.2 Mbps
2022Q2	175.8 Mbps	109.1 Mbps
2022Q3	203.6 Mbps	58.5 Mbps
2022Q4	245.8 Mbps	17.1 Mbps
2023Q1	210.9 Mbps	14.5 Mbps
2023Q2	241.0 Mbps	44.7 Mbps
2023Q3	232.8 Mbps	28.6 Mbps
2023Q4	233.5 Mbps	46.0 Mbps
2024Q1	319.6 Mbps	79.0 Mbps
2024Q2	335.1 Mbps	30.9 Mbps
2024Q3	274.8 Mbps	96.6 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	32.7%	32.7%	0.0%
2016	84.6%	32.7%	0.0%
2017	84.6%	46.2%	0.0%
2018	86.5%	86.5%	0.0%
2019	88.5%	88.5%	0.0%
2020	88.5%	88.5%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
2022	99.1%	64.7%	15.2%
2023	91.4%	71.0%	24.3%
2024	100.0%	71.2%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	45.8%	26.7%
2018	66.7%	71.4%
2019	66.7%	71.4%
2020	70.6%	71.4%
2021	66.7%	71.4%
2022	76.9%	80.0%
2023	80.0%	100.0%
2024	90.0%	100.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	71.2%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	71.2%	85%
Adoption	90.0%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	171

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
AT&T Inc.	AT&T Inc.
Charter Communications	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	Dish Network Corporation
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—
California Internet	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	23.4%
Fiber	23.4%	23.4%	23.4%	23.4%
Cable	17.0%	17.0%	17.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	13.5%	11.1%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	7.0%	1.2%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	4.213

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	24.4	12.2	12.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	47.6	46.3	46.3	45.1	45.1	24.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	50.0	46.3	46.3	45.1	45.1	24.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	45.1	45.1	24.4
Any Terrestrial	50.0	46.3	46.3	45.1	45.1	24.4
Cable	35.4	35.4	35.4	35.4	35.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	45.1	45.1	45.1	45.1	45.1	24.4
Copper	18.3	17.1	12.2	1.2	0.0	0.0
Fiber	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	24.4	12.2	12.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	27.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	27.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	37.5	27.9
Any Terrestrial	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	27.9
Cable	27.9	27.9	27.9	27.9	27.9	0.0
Cable/Fiber	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	27.9
Copper	14.4	12.5	8.7	1.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	27.9	27.9	27.9	27.9	27.9	27.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	13.6	13.6	13.6	11.9	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	36.4	36.4	36.4	35.6	34.8	22.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	36.4	36.4	36.4	36.4	34.8	22.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	34.8	22.9
Any Terrestrial	36.4	36.4	36.4	36.4	34.8	22.9
Cable	25.4	25.4	25.4	25.4	25.4	0.0
Cable/Fiber	34.8	34.8	34.8	34.8	34.8	22.9
Copper	13.6	11.9	8.5	1.7	0.0	0.0
Fiber	22.9	22.9	22.9	22.9	22.9	22.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	13.6	13.6	13.6	11.9	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	4.5	3.4	3.4	2.2	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	37.4	37.4	37.4	36.9	36.3	20.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	37.4	37.4	37.4	36.9	36.3	20.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	36.3	20.1
Any Terrestrial	37.4	37.4	37.4	36.9	36.3	20.1
Cable	25.1	25.1	25.1	25.1	25.1	0.0
Cable/Fiber	36.3	36.3	36.3	36.3	36.3	20.1
Copper	10.6	9.5	7.3	1.7	0.0	0.0
Fiber	20.1	20.1	20.1	20.1	20.1	20.1
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	4.5	3.4	3.4	2.2	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	37.8	37.8	37.8	37.2	36.6	20.9
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	37.8	37.8	37.8	37.8	36.6	20.9
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	36.6	20.9
Any Terrestrial	37.8	37.8	37.8	37.8	36.6	20.9
Cable	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	36.6	36.6	36.6	36.6	36.6	20.9
Copper	11.1	9.9	7.6	1.7	0.0	0.0
Fiber	20.9	20.9	20.9	20.9	20.9	20.9
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25	1000/100
All Fixed Wireless	15.2	13.4	13.4	11.1	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	31.0	31.0	31.0	30.4	30.4	23.4
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	31.6	31.0	31.0	30.4	30.4	23.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	23.4
Any Terrestrial	31.6	31.0	31.0	30.4	30.4	23.4
Cable	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0	17.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	30.4	30.4	30.4	30.4	30.4	23.4
Copper	10.5	9.4	7.0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Fiber	23.4	23.4	23.4	23.4	23.4	23.4
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	15.2	13.4	13.4	11.1	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.