California / AIANNHCE 1850 / Federally-recognized area

La Jolla

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

4.1%25/3 availability

0.6%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

8Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of La Jolla within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

La Jolla Reservation in California is the primary broadband planning geography for this federally recognized tribe, and it spans about 13 square miles. FCC BDC records show 8 fixed providers and 4 mobile providers across roughly 193 service locations, and current service levels of 4.1% at 25/3 Mbps, and 0.6% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

Tribal lands in California are associated with La Jolla, a federally recognized tribe. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: lajolla-nsn.gov

The La Jolla Band of Luiseño Indians in San Diego County — preserving culture, empowering the community, and protecting tribal lands. The La Jolla Reservation lies within traditional Luiseño territory. Comprised of nearly 9,000 acres alongside Palomar Mountain, located off California Highway 76. The website includes sections on Enterprises, La Jolla Adventure Park, La Jolla Indian Campground, Zip Zoom Ziplines, Sengme Oaks Water Park, and Luiseño Bike Park.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	484	385	340	275	221	178
Households	155	148	137	111	90	73
Median age	31.1	36.1	37.8	38.8	40.2	42.5
Male / Female	50.8% / 49.2%	52.2% / 47.8%	49.7% / 50.3%	48.7% / 51.3%	42.5% / 57.5%	41.0% / 59.0%
Avg. household size	3.12	2.60	2.48	2.48	2.46	2.44
Pop. density (per sq mi)	35.8	28.5	25.2	20.4	16.4	13.2
HH density (per sq mi)	11.5	10.9	10.1	8.2	6.7	5.4

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$44,583	$38,750	$42,917	$60,417	$60,000	$73,750
Per capita income	$18,807	$23,069	$27,159	$32,598	$35,040	$38,833
Poverty rate	22.0%	22.3%	20.3%	18.9%	18.1%	17.4%
Unemployment rate	19.6%	15.1%	9.6%	11.3%	19.2%	16.7%
HS diploma or higher	55.4%	50.2%	50.4%	48.6%	58.0%	53.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher	12.4%	8.6%	9.1%	8.7%	11.3%	6.7%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	3.5 Mbps	1.9 Mbps
2019Q2	17.9 Mbps	4.7 Mbps
2019Q3	6.4 Mbps	3.8 Mbps
2019Q4	17.9 Mbps	10.0 Mbps
2020Q1	22.6 Mbps	13.5 Mbps
2020Q2	13.5 Mbps	5.8 Mbps
2020Q3	17.7 Mbps	5.7 Mbps
2020Q4	24.6 Mbps	9.2 Mbps
2021Q1	22.5 Mbps	12.6 Mbps
2021Q2	49.5 Mbps	47.4 Mbps
2021Q3	15.6 Mbps	9.6 Mbps
2021Q4	0.0 Mbps	0.0 Mbps
2022Q1	53.3 Mbps	18.6 Mbps
2022Q2	41.1 Mbps	23.2 Mbps
2022Q3	39.8 Mbps	7.9 Mbps
2022Q4	63.7 Mbps	14.3 Mbps
2023Q1	49.0 Mbps	53.6 Mbps
2023Q2	111.9 Mbps	11.4 Mbps
2023Q3	122.5 Mbps	14.2 Mbps
2023Q4	133.6 Mbps	19.0 Mbps
2024Q1	95.9 Mbps	4.8 Mbps
2024Q2	34.5 Mbps	26.6 Mbps
2024Q3	111.1 Mbps	16.2 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2018	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
2022	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2023	0.7%	0.7%	0.0%
2024	4.1%	0.6%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	25.6%	69.6%
2018	37.3%	59.6%
2019	45.8%	74.4%
2020	56.8%	65.8%
2021	70.8%	65.6%
2022	72.1%	72.7%
2023	82.2%	88.2%
2024	86.3%	80.0%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	4.1%
100/20 Mbps	0.6%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	4.1%	92%
100/20 Mbps	0.6%	85%
Adoption	86.3%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	8
Mobile broadband providers	4
Broadband serviceable locations	193

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	AT&T Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Verizon Communications Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
San Diego Broadband	Dish Network Corporation
Viasat, Inc.	—
California Internet	—
Valley Center Wireless	—
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	62.7%	59.6%	59.6%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	95.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	51.3%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	36.6%
Total area (sq mi)	31.389

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	94.1	89.7	60.3	60.3	60.3
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	61.0	4.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	60.3	60.3
Any Terrestrial	94.1	89.7	60.3	60.3	60.3
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	61.0	4.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	89.0	89.0	60.3	60.3	60.3

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	34.9	34.9	1.3	1.3
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	4.0	4.0	0.0	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	34.9	34.9	1.3	1.3
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	4.0	4.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	34.2	34.2	1.3	1.3

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	77.3	77.3	61.7	61.7	61.1
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	3.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	61.1
Any Terrestrial	77.3	77.3	61.7	61.7	61.1
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	3.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	77.3	77.3	61.1	61.1	61.1

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	79.8	78.7	64.5	64.5	63.9
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.2	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	63.9
Any Terrestrial	79.8	78.7	64.5	64.5	63.9
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.2	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	78.7	78.7	63.9	63.9	63.9

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	79.4	78.3	59.3	59.3	58.2
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.1	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	58.2
Any Terrestrial	79.4	78.3	59.3	59.3	58.2
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	2.1	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	78.3	78.3	58.7	58.7	58.2

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20	250/25
All Fixed Wireless	78.8	78.2	62.7	59.6	59.6
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	78.8	78.2	62.7	59.6	59.6
Cable	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cable/Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Copper	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	78.2	78.2	62.7	59.6	59.6

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.