California / AIANNHCE 0250 / Federally-recognized area

Big Pine

The full tribal profile includes the report map, demographic tables, broadband tables, FCC provider sections, and interactive charts.

100.0%25/3 availability

95.4%100/20 availability

0.0%1000/100 availability

6Fixed providers

Figure 1. Location of Big Pine within California, with boundary detail (inset).

About the Tribal Area

Spans about 0.4 square miles in California, Big Pine Reservation serves as the core reservation for this federally recognized tribe. FCC BDC records show 6 fixed providers and 3 mobile providers across roughly 435 service locations, with current availability of 100.0% at 25/3 Mbps, and 95.4% at 100/20.

Tribal Area Description

Located in California, Big Pine is a federally recognized tribe with tribal lands. The land base is relevant for broadband planning due to rural service coverage and middle-mile access constraints.

Website Summary: bigpinepaiute.org

The A Federally Recognized American Indian Tribal Community page for Big Pine functions as a community information page rather than a long-form tribal history. It emphasizes local contacts, community resources, and links to regional programs and services. The available content is oriented toward practical resources rather than a dedicated narrative profile for the tribe. The page includes sections on admin, Deanne Cheshire, Uncategorized, Read More, and News Item.

Table 1. Demographics

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Population	409	392	401	371	409	486
Households	155	168	161	147	176	192
Median age	38.5	42.0	39.9	39.2	40.6	38.2
Male / Female	42.1% / 57.9%	49.0% / 51.0%	48.9% / 51.1%	49.6% / 50.4%	51.1% / 48.9%	47.1% / 52.9%
Avg. household size	2.64	2.33	2.49	2.52	2.32	2.53
Pop. density (per sq mi)	896.9	859.7	879.4	813.6	896.9	1065.8
HH density (per sq mi)	339.9	368.4	353.1	322.4	386.0	421.1

Table 2. Economic & Education

Indicator	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Median household income	$40,625	$41,429	$34,688	$28,828	$35,357	$40,000
Per capita income	$22,037	$22,991	$22,177	$22,718	$24,287	$24,245
Poverty rate	9.5%	17.3%	19.2%	21.8%	25.9%	21.7%
Unemployment rate	5.8%	11.4%	11.0%	17.1%	13.3%	12.4%
HS diploma or higher	67.3%	62.9%	64.1%	65.8%	58.5%	55.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher	5.5%	4.9%	5.3%	7.2%	9.4%	10.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Queried by AIANNHCE code. Population and household density are calculated from Census population or households divided by land area in square miles.

Table 3. Download/Upload Speeds (Mbps)

Period	Download	Upload
2019Q1	43.6 Mbps	7.3 Mbps
2019Q2	62.4 Mbps	8.3 Mbps
2019Q3	57.5 Mbps	7.9 Mbps
2019Q4	52.8 Mbps	6.6 Mbps
2020Q1	51.6 Mbps	7.1 Mbps
2020Q2	49.1 Mbps	4.8 Mbps
2020Q3	54.9 Mbps	5.9 Mbps
2020Q4	80.3 Mbps	6.7 Mbps
2021Q1	94.8 Mbps	6.9 Mbps
2021Q2	94.7 Mbps	7.8 Mbps
2021Q3	88.5 Mbps	6.8 Mbps
2021Q4	71.2 Mbps	6.9 Mbps
2022Q1	73.4 Mbps	6.6 Mbps
2022Q2	87.7 Mbps	7.2 Mbps
2022Q3	89.0 Mbps	7.3 Mbps
2022Q4	69.2 Mbps	6.1 Mbps
2023Q1	86.0 Mbps	7.4 Mbps
2023Q2	80.9 Mbps	6.7 Mbps
2023Q3	48.6 Mbps	6.1 Mbps
2023Q4	89.3 Mbps	5.4 Mbps
2024Q1	100.6 Mbps	6.3 Mbps
2024Q2	113.1 Mbps	6.9 Mbps
2024Q3	155.2 Mbps	14.5 Mbps

Table 4. Coverage by Tier (%)

Year	25/3	100/20	1 Gbps
2015	54.9%	0.0%	0.0%
2016	42.5%	0.0%	0.0%
2017	90.2%	3.3%	0.0%
2018	99.3%	0.0%	0.0%
2019	90.2%	0.0%	0.0%
2020	90.2%	3.3%	0.0%
2021	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
2022	37.2%	0.0%	0.0%
2023	94.4%	0.0%	0.0%
2024	100.0%	95.4%	0.0%

Table 5. Adoption (%)

Year	All households	Low-income households
2017	61.3%	44.0%
2018	60.1%	45.2%
2019	58.1%	45.5%
2020	54.8%	43.8%
2021	50.9%	45.0%
2022	40.8%	50.0%
2023	43.2%	45.1%
2024	46.4%	55.6%

Table 6. Current Status (2024, %)

Tier	Coverage
25/3 Mbps	100.0%
100/20 Mbps	95.4%
1 Gbps	0.0%

Table 7. Comparison with National Averages (%)

Metric	Tribal	National
25/3 Mbps	100.0%	92%
100/20 Mbps	95.4%	85%
Adoption	46.4%	78%

Sources: FCC Broadband Data Collection, Ookla Open Data Initiative, and U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates. National benchmarks are carried over from the report comparison section.

Figure 2. Speed Trends (2019–2024)

Figure 3. Availability (2015–2025)

Figure 4. Adoption (2017–2024)

Figure 5. Current Status (2024)

Figure 6. Comparison with National Averages

Figure 7. Fixed Coverage by Technology (25/3 Mbps)

Figure 8. Mobile Area Coverage

Notes: speed trends reflect quarterly mean throughput. Availability shows the share of population with access. Tooltips on the charts expose the underlying values for each series.

Table 8. Broadband Provider Summary

Metric	Value
Fixed broadband providers	6
Mobile broadband providers	3
Broadband serviceable locations	435

Table 9. Broadband Providers

Fixed	Mobile
Frontier Communications Corporation	AT&T Inc.
Altice USA	T-Mobile USA, Inc.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.	Verizon Communications Inc.
EchoStar Corporation	—
Verizon Communications Inc.	—
Viasat, Inc.	—

Table 10. Fixed Coverage by Technology (% of locations)

Technology	25/3	100/20	250/25	1 Gbps
Any Technology	100.0%	94.5%	0.0%	0.0%
Fiber	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Cable	94.5%	94.5%	0.0%	0.0%
Fixed Wireless	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Copper (DSL)	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Satellite	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%

Table 11. Mobile Coverage (% of area)

Technology	Coverage
4G LTE	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 1)	100.0%
5G-NR (Speed Tier 2)	100.0%
Total area (sq mi)	0.105

Table 8. Coverage by Tier and Technology (% of locations)

Dec. 2022

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3
All Fixed Wireless	95.9	6.2	6.2
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	63.1	63.1	32.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	98.8	66.0	37.4
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	98.8	66.0	37.4
Cable	32.6	32.6	32.6
Cable/Fiber	32.6	32.6	32.6
Copper	54.9	54.9	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	95.9	6.2	6.2
NGSO Satellite	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3
All Fixed Wireless	17.2	0.5	0.5
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	94.8	94.8	92.2
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.8	94.8	92.2
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	94.8	94.8	92.2
Cable	92.2	92.2	92.2
Cable/Fiber	92.2	92.2	92.2
Copper	55.0	55.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	17.2	0.5	0.5
NGSO Satellite	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2023

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3
All Fixed Wireless	17.6	0.5	0.5
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	93.3	93.3	89.8
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	93.3	93.3	89.8
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	93.3	93.3	89.8
Cable	89.8	89.8	89.8
Cable/Fiber	89.8	89.8	89.8
Copper	56.5	56.5	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	17.6	0.5	0.5
NGSO Satellite	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	19.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	94.7	94.7	90.1	90.1
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	94.7	90.1	90.1
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	90.1
Any Terrestrial	94.7	94.7	90.1	90.1
Cable	90.1	90.1	90.1	90.1
Cable/Fiber	90.1	90.1	90.1	90.1
Copper	57.0	57.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	19.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Dec. 2024

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	27.1	6.0	6.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All Wired	94.7	94.7	90.6	90.6
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	94.7	94.7	90.8	90.6
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Any Terrestrial	94.7	94.7	90.8	90.6
Cable	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6
Cable/Fiber	90.6	90.6	90.6	90.6
Copper	57.0	57.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	27.1	6.0	6.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

June 2025

Technology	2/2	10/1	25/3	100/20
All Fixed Wireless	17.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
All Wired	96.8	96.8	94.5	94.5
All Wired and Licensed Fixed Wireless	96.8	96.8	94.5	94.5
Any Technology	100.0	100.0	100.0	94.5
Any Terrestrial	96.8	96.8	94.5	94.5
Cable	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5
Cable/Fiber	94.5	94.5	94.5	94.5
Copper	57.0	57.0	0.0	0.0
Fiber	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
GSO Satellite	100.0	100.0	100.0	0.0
Licensed Fixed Wireless	17.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
NGSO Satellite	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Unlicensed Fixed Wireless	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 filing vintage. Coverage values show the share of residential broadband serviceable locations by technology and speed tier across D22, J23, D23, J24, D24, and J25 filings.

Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection (BDC), June 2025 Filing (J25). Fixed coverage shows the share of residential broadband serviceable locations, and mobile coverage shows the share of tribal land area.